A moving-boundary problem for concrete carbonation: Global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions

This paper deals with a one-dimensional coupled system of semi-linear parabolic equations with a kinetic condition on the moving boundary. The latter furnishes the driving force for the moving boundary. The main result is a global existence and uniqueness theorem of positive weak solutions. The system under consideration is modelled on the so-called carbonation of concrete - a prototypical chemical-corrosion process in a porous solid - concrete - which incorporates slow diffusive transport, interfacial exchange between wet and dry parts of the pores and, in particular, a fast reaction in thin layers, here idealized as a moving-boundary surface in the solid. We include simulation results showing that the model captures the qualitative behaviour of the carbonation process.     

The Stochastic Wave Equation with Multiplicative Fractional Noise: A Malliavin Calculus Approach

We consider the stochastic wave equation with multiplicative noise, which is fractional in time with index H > 1/2, and has a homogeneous spatial covariance structure given by the Riesz kernel of order α. The solution is interpreted using the Skorohod integral. We show that the sufficient condition for the existence of the solution is α > d − 2, which coincides with the condition obtained in Dalang (Electr J Probab 4(6):29, 1999), when the noise is white in time. Under this condition, we obtain estimates for the p-th moments of the solution, we deduce its H?lder continuity, and we show that the solution is Malliavin differentiable of any order. When d ≤ 2, we prove that the first-order Malliavin derivative of the solution satisfies a certain integral equation.     

Ganglioside analysis in body fluids by liquid-phase separation techniques hyphenated to mass spectrometry

The expression of gangliosides in central nervous system is a few times higher than in the extraneural tissue, a characteristic highlighting their major role at this level. Although in very low amounts, gangliosides are ubiquitously distributed in body fluids too, where, depending on many factors, including pathological states, their composition fluctuates, thus having diagnostic value. Ganglioside investigation in biological fluids, which, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), may be sampled noninvasively, was for years impeded by the limited sensitivity of the analytical instrumentation available in glycomics. However, because the last decade has witnessed significant developments in biological mass spectrometry (MS) and the hyphenated separation techniques, marked by a major increase in sensitivity, reproducibility, and data reliability, ganglioside research started to be focused on biofluid analysis by separation techniques coupled to MS. In this context, our review presents the achievements in this emerging field of gangliosidomics, with a particular emphasis on modern liquid chromatography (LC), thin-layer chromatography, hydrophilic interaction LC, and ion mobility separation coupled to high-performance MS, as well as the results generated by these systems and allied experimental procedures in profiling and structural analysis of gangliosides in healthy or diseased body fluids, such as CSF, plasma/serum, and milk.