The critical temperature and pairing in parton models

The P_L/P_K method of determining the ?-capture decay energy fails badly in the case of ¹¹³Sn. We suggest that the discrepancies in the measured values may be due to variable amounts of 250 d ¹¹⁹Sn^m present in the 115 d ¹¹³Sn samples.     

1,4-cycloaddition of nitrosobenzene to N-ethoxycarbonylazepine

A new stable product from the reaction of nitrosobenzene and N-ethoxycarbonylazepine is shown to be a 1,4-cycloadduct.     

Spectral weight contributions of many-particle bound States and continuum

Cluster expansion methods are developed for calculating the spectral weight contributions of multiparticle excitations--continuum and bound states--to high orders. A complete 13th order calculation is carried out for the alternating Heisenberg chain. For lambda=0.27, relevant to the material Cu(NO3)(2).2.5D(2)O, we present detailed spectral weights for the two-triplet continuum and all bound states. We also examine the variation of the relative weights of one- and two-particle states with bond alternation from the dimerized to the uniform chain limit.     

Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions

Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been prepared in optical and magnetic traps in which the energy-level spacing in one or two dimensions exceeds the interaction energy between atoms, realizing condensates of lower dimensionality. The crossover into two-dimensional and one-dimensional condensates was observed by a change in aspect ratio and by the release energy converging to a nonzero value when the number of trapped atoms was reduced.     

Formation and growth of embedded indium nanoclusters by In<Superscript>2<Emphasis Type="Bold">+</Emphasis></Superscript> implantation in silica

Indium nanoclusters are synthesized in an amorphous silica matrix using an ion-implantation technique. Indium ions (In²⁺) with energy of 890 keV are implanted on silica to fluences in the range of 3×10¹⁶–3×10¹⁷ cm^-2. The formation of indium nanoclusters is confirmed by optical absorption spectrometry and glancing incidence X-ray diffraction studies. A low frequency Raman scattering technique is used to study the growth of embedded indium nanoclusters in the silica matrix as a function of fluence and post-implantation annealing duration. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies show the surface segregation of implanted indium. Photoluminescence studies indicate the formation of a small quantity of indium oxide phase in the ion-implanted samples. PACS 85.40.Ry; 78.67.Bf; 73.20.Mf; 82.75.Fq     

A consistent LES/filtered-density function formulation for the simulation of turbulent flames with detailed chemistry

A hybrid large-Eddy simulation/filtered-density function (LES–FDF) methodology is formulated for simulating variable density turbulent reactive flows. An indirect feedback mechanism coupled with a consistency measure based on redundant density fields contained in the different solvers is used to construct a robust algorithm. Using this novel scheme, a partially premixed methane/air flame is simulated. To describe transport in composition space, a 16-species reduced chemistry mechanism is used along with the interaction-by-exchange with the mean (IEM) model. For the micro-mixing model, typically a constant ratio of scalar to mechanical time-scale is assumed. This parameter can have substantial variations and can strongly influence the combustion process. Here, a dynamic time-scale model is used to prescribe the mixing time-scale, which eliminates the time-scale ratio as a model constant. Two different flame configurations, namely, Sandia flames D and E are studied. Comparison of simulated radial profiles with experimental data show good agreement for both flames. The LES–FDF simulations accurately predict the increased extinction near the inlet and re-ignition further downstream. The conditional mean profiles show good agreement with experimental data for both flames.     

Electrochemical stripping voltammetry of gold ions for development of ultra-sensitive immunoassay for chlorsulfuron

The paper reports a highly sensitive enzyme free electrochemical immunoassay (EFEIA) for the detection of herbicide chlorsulfuron. The assay is based upon oxidative gold nanoparticle (GNP) dissolution in an acidic solution. The consequent release of large amounts of gold (Au) metal ions after dissolution of gold nanoparticles tagged to antibody leads to the development of sensitive stripping voltammetry based immunoassay. The detection is made possible by the reduction of Au^3 + ions at the screen printed electrode surface followed by metal analysis by using the square wave voltammetry technique. The sensitivity of chlorsulfuron detection by competitive assay procedure was 6.7 pg mL^− 1 for EFEIA in marked contrast to optical detection using Standard ELISA procedure that gives a sensitivity of 4.97 ng mL^− 1.