A new experimental method is described enabling detection of hydroxyl radicals (OH) by laser-induced fluorescence in high-temperature gas-phase reactions. This is accomplished by means of a bidirectional optical fiber probe, which is of interest for applications where optical access is limited. An optical setup that allows simultaneous excitation and detection of fluorescence using one and the same fiber has been developed. Complications resulting from coupling as well as laser-induced scattering are addressed, and different fibers are compared with regard to core material composition and geometric collection efficiency. On this basis, a suitable fiber is identified, and OH detection and profile measurements are demonstrated in a premixed laminar flame as reference experiment. 相似文献
Chlorofluorinate with Trifluoromethylhypochlorite CF3OCl. Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Trifluormethyliodinechloridefluoride CF3I(Cl)F The preparation of a new iodine(III) compound, trifluormethyliodinechloridefluoride CF3I(Cl)F, via oxidative addition of trifluoromethylhypochlorite CF3OCl to trifluoromethyliodide CF3I is described. The thermolabile compound has been characterized by i.r., Raman, 19F NMR, and mass spectroscopy. 相似文献
Computational Management Science - This work analyzes the notion of arbitrage for market models with electricity production from fuel. Several generators, fuel storage, and the related fuel and... 相似文献
In this paper we analyze two stochastic versions of one of the simplest classes of contagion models, namely so-called SIS models. Several formulations of such models, based on stochastic differential equations, have been recently discussed in literature, mainly with a focus on the existence and uniqueness of stationary distributions. With applicability in view, the present paper uses the Fokker–Planck equations related to SIS stochastic differential equations, not only in order to derive basic facts, but also to derive explicit expressions for stationary densities and further characteristics related to the asymptotic behaviour. Two types of models are analyzed here: The first one is a version of the SIS model with external parameter noise and saturated incidence. The second one is based on the Kramers–Moyal approximation of the simple SIS Markov chain model, which leads to a model with scaled additive noise. In both cases we analyze the asymptotic behaviour, which leads to limiting stationary distributions in the first case and limiting quasistationary distributions in the second case. Finally, we use the derived properties for analyzing the decision problem of choosing the cost-optimal level of treatment intensity.
Thermal Decomposition of Pentacarbonyl Iron in Faujasite-Type Zeolites The nature of the iron species resulting from the title reaction has been elucidated by thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectrometry, and by normal analytical methods. The thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 adsorbed in Y-type zeolite yields pure α-Fe. In X-type zeolite Fe(CO)5 is converted into a highly dispersed form of iron, into iron-subcarbonyl, and into high-spin FeII, occupying different sites of the lattice. Dealuminized zeolites adsorb Fe(CO)5 reversibly. The estimated size of the iron(III) oxide particles formed by air oxidation is in accordance with the assumption that Fe(CO)5 decomposes in Y-type zeolite with iron migrating to the surface of the zeolite crystals, whereas in X-type zeolite the iron remains inside the zeolite cavities. 相似文献