超低浓度甲烷在Cu/γ-Al2O3催化颗粒流化床中的燃烧特性

采用流化床燃烧技术,使用自制Cu/γ-Al₂O₃颗粒作为催化剂床料,实验研究了超低浓度甲烷在流化床中催化燃烧时床层温度(450~700℃)、流化风速比ω(1.5~4)、进气甲烷体积分数(0.3%~2%)等对甲烷燃烧效率的影响。结果表明,床层温度是影响甲烷催化燃烧反应的关键因素,甲烷的转化率随着床层温度的升高而增加;床层温度达到650℃时,甲烷含量低于1%的超低浓度甲烷其转化率超过95%,继续提高床层温度至700℃且控制流化风速比ω≤2可以实现甲烷的完全转化;甲烷转化率随着流化风速和进气甲烷浓度的增加而降低,当ω>3.5时,温度对甲烷转化的影响减弱,未燃烧的甲烷含量增大。动力学实验发现,床层温度较低时,催化反应受动力学控制,测得催化反应的活化能E_a为1.26×10⁵J/mol,反应级数m为0.73,当温度t>450℃时,扩散作用影响显著,反应级数增大。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留物的分析方法。样品用乙腈振荡提取,经乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷(PSA)和石墨化炭(GCB)固相萃取柱串联净化,乙腈-甲苯(V/V3:1)洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至约0.5 mL后,于45℃下氮气吹干,1.0 mL乙腈定容,UPLC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。葡萄籽提取物中,78种农药在0.001～0.2μg/mL范围内线性关系均良好;所有农药的方法定量限(LOQ)均低于17.0μg/kg;在5,25,50μg/kg的添加水平下,葡萄籽提取物中78种农药的平均回收率处于72.6%～113.5%之间,相对标准偏差不大于11%。方法适用于葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留的快速筛查测定。     

二氧化钛含量对铈稳定立方氧化锆陶瓷的性能影响

本文用无压烧结法成功制备了高硬度的立方氧化锆陶瓷,研究了氧化锆陶瓷的物相,Vickers硬度,显微结构,相对密度等性能,主要分析了TiO2添加量对Zr0.8Ce0.2O2陶瓷硬度和相对密度的影响。结果表明:烧结助剂TiO2可以有效抑制陶瓷晶粒异常生长,加快气孔排除,促进氧化锆陶瓷烧结致密化,提高陶瓷硬度。最高维氏硬度为20.2 GPa,最高相对密度达到了99.8%。     

Systhesis of double-hydrophilic core-shell type multiarm star copolymer polyethylenimine-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

Multiarm star block copolymers hyperbranched polyethylenimine-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HPEI-b-PHEMA) with average 28 PHEMA arms have been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of HEMA in a mixed solvent of methanol and water using a core-first strategy. The hyperbranched macroinitiator employed was prepared on the basis of well-defined hyperbranched polyethylenimine with Mw/Mn of 1.04 by amidation with 2-bromo-isobutyryl bromide. The polymerization condition was optimized to prepare star copolymers with narrow dispersity, and the variables included the volume ratio of methanol to water, the molar ratio of initiating site to CuCl and the molar ratio of [CuCl]:[CuBr2]. Under the optimized polymerization condition, the lowest Mw/Mn value of the obtained star copolymers was around 1.3. Kinetic analysis showed that an induction period existed in the polymerization of HEMA. After this induction period, a linear dependence of ln([M]0/[M]t) on time was observed. The obtained HPEI-b-PHEMA could adsorb hydrophilic molecules. The comparison with the star copolymer with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic PHEMA shell verified that both the hydrophilic core and shell could host the hydrophilic guests, but the amidated HPEI core was more effective than the PHEMA shell.     

高温下淀粉凝胶化颗粒的结构特征

凝胶化作用是淀粉改性过程中存在的一种现象。采用红外光谱和X-射线衍射方法探讨了淀粉凝胶化颗粒的结构和结晶变化过程。结果表明,在淀粉的高温成型过程中,凝胶化颗粒化学结构没有发生明显的变化,结晶状态则趋于完全无定型化。     

金属β－二酮化合物用于MOCVD法生长铁电氧化物薄膜

对用于MOCVD法生长铁电氧化物薄膜的金属β－二酮化合物的制备、结构及性质进行了评述，对它们在生长铁电薄膜中的应用现状进行了介绍，并对它们的应用前景作了展望。     

早期生物矿化过程中紫外吸收动力学曲线上的负峰现象

近年来, Jens等[1]利用紫外光度法测定生物矿化溶液的吸光度(即混浊度)的变化, 实时地记录生物矿物形成过程的信息, 从而研究其矿化规律. 实验发现, 胶原/羟基磷灰石矿化的紫外吸收动力学曲线并不是胶原和磷酸钙沉淀混浊度的简单迭加, 而是一条平滑的阶梯形曲线, 它反映了有机相和无机相相互作用的过程特征. 在采用紫外光度法研究生物矿化过程中首次发现, 阶梯形矿化曲线上还有更精细的变化: 在一定条件下, 矿化曲线起峰时出现一个负峰. 本文还研究了磷酸钙浓度、胶原浓度及入射光波长对该负峰峰位和峰值的影响. 研究该负峰与系统参数的相关性, 对于了解早期生物矿化的机理和优化新型骨及牙齿等组织工程框架材料的制备工艺[2]都具有重要的意义.     

无机/有机纳米复合材料的研究进展*

分析总结了聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的各种制备方法、性质及其应用, 并对今后的发展作了展望。     

TiO2光催化氧化研究进展

探讨了TiO2光催化氧化技术的原理,其研究现状,以及可能提高TiO2光催化氧化效率的途径。采用参考文献18篇。     

Kinetic determination of ascorbic acid by the BZ oscillating chemical system

A new analytical method for the determination of ascorbic acid by the perturbation caused by different amounts of ascorbic acid on the BZ oscillating chemical system involving the Ce(IV)-catalyzed reaction between potassium bromate and malonic acid in a acidic medium is proposed. The method relies on the linear relationship between the change in the oscillation amplitude of the chemical system and the concentration of ascorbic acid, which is in this work exposed for the first time. The calibration curve is linearly proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid over the range 3.5x10(-6)-4.7x10(-4) M, with the regression coefficient is 0.9975. Two different methodologies were used to address the determination. Some aspects of the potential mechanism of action of ascorbic acid on the BZ oscillating chemical system are discussed in detail.