Destruction of coarse and fine water drops by monopulses of a ruby laser

In addition to the known method of evaporating water drops in the intensive radiation field of a CO₂ laser, papers have recently appeared wherein the destruction of water drops without the conversion of the light energy they absorbed into heat is investigated (surveys [1, 2], for example). Papers devoted to nonthermal methods of destroying a water aerosol, although still few in number, indicate the proposal of three methods of destroying the drops: optical breakdown in water, excitation of mechanical vibrations of the drops, and photochemical destruction of the water molecules [1, 2]. The optical breakdown phenomenon, when intense destructive shocks occur in a water drop subjected to a laser monopulse, has been investigated more fully than the other methods but also clearly insufficiently. Experiments on destroying millimeter- and micron-sized drops by ruby laser monopulses are described in this paper, values of the parameters characterizing this process are determined, and an approximate estimate of the energy and power of the laser pulses required to destroy a water aerosol in a track of definite length is also given.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 3, pp. 26–35, May–June, 1979.     

A theoretical description of geminal recombination and radiation-pulse-induced electric conduction in polymers in the approximation of probability of survival of ionic pairs

An approximate analytical theory of geminal recombination and geminal radiation-induced electric conduction of polymers is developed. The theory is based on an ion-pair mechanism of radiolysis and the concept of dispersion of electron transport and is valid at fairly strong fields and not overly low temperatures. The proposed approach was used to perform a preliminary analysis of the published data on pulsed-radiation-induced electroconductivity of low-density polyethylene.     

Energy criteria for orientation of smectic C* liquid crystals in electrooptic elements

Energy analysis of the types of orientation of smectic C* liquid crystals is performed. Criteria for the type and quality of their orientation in electrooptic elements with surfaces of orientants of different nature are revealed. An energy parameter of the optical quality of planar orientation of a smectic C* liquid crystal is proposed, which determines the contrast ratio of electrooptic elements independent of the type and nature of the smectic C* liquid crystal and the orientant.     

Simple finite-dimensional noncommutative Jordan superalgebras of characteristic 0

We classify the central simple finite-dimensional noncommutative Jordan superalgebras of characteristic 0. As a corollary, we describe the Poisson brackets on the simple finite-dimensional Jordan superalgebras of characteristic 0.     

Hole transport in polystyrene and polycarbonate doped with polar dopants

Hole transport in PS and PC doped with low-molecular-mass dopants with dipole moments larger than 3D is investigated. Both near-surface and bulk charge-carrier generation techniques are used. There is good agreement between the experimentally measured values of hole mobility and the published data. It is shown that, for the investigated systems, the hole transport is nonequilibrium and is well described by the multiple-trapping model with the Gaussian trap distribution over energy. The presence of a flat plateau on the time-of-flight curves does not necessarily mean establishment of the quasi-equilibrium hole transport in the system.     

The effect of charged centers on the transport of charge carriers in molecularly doped polymers

The effect of charged centers on the mobility of charge carriers in molecularly doped polycarbonate is experimentally studied by the method of accelerated electrons for the generation of charge carriers in the surface layer and in the polymer bulk. The hypersensitivity of mobility toward the presence of charged sites that is predicted by the theory of correlated disorder (dipolar glass) is not found. With accumulation of charged centers, transformation of the time-of-flight curves with a well-pronounced plateau region, which is indicative of quasiequilibrium transport according to theory, proceeds in full agreement with the classical concepts on the role of a space charge or bimolecular recombination during high-signal irradiation. Transport of charge carriers in the molecularly doped polymer is not quasiequilibrium but dispersive.