全文获取类型
收费全文 | 80276篇 |
免费 | 420篇 |
国内免费 | 403篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 25638篇 |
晶体学 | 801篇 |
力学 | 6775篇 |
数学 | 32445篇 |
物理学 | 15440篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 63篇 |
2018年 | 10472篇 |
2017年 | 10290篇 |
2016年 | 6150篇 |
2015年 | 913篇 |
2014年 | 394篇 |
2013年 | 495篇 |
2012年 | 3929篇 |
2011年 | 10630篇 |
2010年 | 5740篇 |
2009年 | 6142篇 |
2008年 | 6697篇 |
2007年 | 8876篇 |
2006年 | 348篇 |
2005年 | 1431篇 |
2004年 | 1637篇 |
2003年 | 2034篇 |
2002年 | 1061篇 |
2001年 | 266篇 |
2000年 | 310篇 |
1999年 | 180篇 |
1998年 | 211篇 |
1997年 | 171篇 |
1996年 | 220篇 |
1995年 | 146篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 118篇 |
1992年 | 68篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 58篇 |
1989年 | 66篇 |
1988年 | 64篇 |
1987年 | 62篇 |
1986年 | 67篇 |
1985年 | 68篇 |
1984年 | 56篇 |
1983年 | 47篇 |
1982年 | 55篇 |
1981年 | 47篇 |
1980年 | 51篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1978年 | 40篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1913年 | 40篇 |
1912年 | 40篇 |
1909年 | 41篇 |
1908年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Yves Crama Michel Grabisch Silvano Martello 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2016,14(4):333-336
We recall some cases of ethical misconduct that occurred in the recent years, and we report a new trick that was recently attempted to cheat the journal in order to obtain the publication of an article through usurped identity. 相似文献
992.
We present the Rothe method for the McKendrick-von Foerster equation with initial and boundary conditions. This method is well known as an abstract Euler scheme in extensive literature, e.g. K. Rektorys, The Method of Discretization in Time and Partial Differential Equations, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1982. Various Banach spaces are exploited, the most popular being the space of bounded and continuous functions. We prove the boundedness of approximate solutions and stability of the Rothe method in L ∞ and L 1 norms. Proofs of these results are based on comparison inequalities. Our theory is illustrated by numerical experiments. Our research is motivated by certain models of mathematical biology. 相似文献
993.
Andrzej Mianowski Izabela Baraniec-Mazurek Rafał Bigda 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,107(3):1155-1165
For dehydration of CaC2O4·H2O and thermal dissociation of CaCO3 carried out in Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA-851e/STARe thermobalance similar experimental conditions was applied: 9–10 heating rates, q = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 30, and 36 K min−1, for sample mass 10 mg, in nitrogen atmosphere (100 ml min−1) and in Al2O3 crucibles (70 μl). There were analyzed changes of typical TGA quantities, i.e., T, TG and DTG in the form of the relative
rate of reaction/process intended to be analyzed on-line by formula (10). For comparative purposes, the relationship between experimental and equilibrium conversion degrees was used (for
P = P\ominus P = P^{{\ominus}} ). It was found that the solid phase decomposition proceeds in quasi-equilibrium state and enthalpy of reaction is easily
“obscured” by activation energy. For small stoichiometric coefficients on gas phase side (here: ν = 1) discussed decomposition
processes have typical features of phenomena analyzable by known thermokinetic methods. 相似文献
994.
Solubility of methane in octane + ethanol was measured at temperatures ranging from 303.15 K to 333.15 K and pressures ranging
from 2.60 MPa to 12.01 MPa. Experimental data were analyzed using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with three types
of mixing rules, and the estimated average deviation from the experimental solubility data was less than 3.5 %. 相似文献
995.
Vineet Aniya Alka Kumari Rupesh Reddy B. Satyavathi 《Journal of solution chemistry》2017,46(6):1177-1201
2-Methylpropan-2-ol, an important fine chemical, may be dehydrated during extractive distillation with glycols as entrainer. Experimental isobaric phase equilibrium studies were carried out on binary mixtures of 2-methylpropan-2-ol with ethane-1,2-diol, as an entrainer, at the local atmospheric pressure of 94.99 kPa and at sub-atmospheric pressures of 19.99, 39.99, 59.99, 78.79 kPa using a Sweitoslawski-type ebulliometer. The Wilson and NRTL activity coefficient models were used to correlate the experimental results and the binary interaction parameters were obtained using the Generalized Reduced Gradient optimization technique. UNIFAC was also used to predict the deviations in bubble temperatures. Moreover, the variation in density, refractive index values and other derived properties (excess molar volumes, partial molar volumes and deviations in molar refractivity) were explored at 303.15, 313.15, 323.15 and 333.15 K to understand the shift of equilibrium with the variation in the mixture composition for the conformational state of the molecules. The Redlich–Kister polynomial equation was used to correlate the excess molar volumes and deviations from molar refractivity. Different theoretical mixing rules (Lorentz–Lorenz, Wiener, Heller, Gladstone–Dale and Arago–Biot) are investigated and reported in terms of average percentage deviation. Furthermore, the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory was used to predict the trend of the dependence of excess molar volumes on composition for the present system. 相似文献
996.
Thierry E. Huillet 《Journal of statistical physics》2017,168(1):15-42
We first revisit the multi-allelic mutation-fitness balance problem, especially when mutations obey a house of cards condition, where the discrete-time deterministic evolutionary dynamics of the allelic frequencies derives from a Shahshahani potential. We then consider multi-allelic Wright–Fisher stochastic models whose deviation to neutrality is from the Shahshahani mutation/selection potential. We next focus on the weak selection, weak mutation cases and, making use of a Gamma calculus, we compute the normalizing partition functions of the invariant probability densities appearing in their Wright–Fisher diffusive approximations. Using these results, generalized Ewens sampling formulae (ESF) from the equilibrium distributions are derived. We start treating the ESF in the mixed mutation/selection potential case and then we restrict ourselves to the ESF in the simpler house-of-cards mutations only situation. We also address some issues concerning sampling problems from infinitely-many alleles weak limits. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
This paper considers a multi-stage dynamic hybrid flowshop in which some stage contains several identical batching machines and the other stages contain several identical discrete machines. Each discrete machine can process no more than one operation at a time, and each batching machine can process several jobs continuously in a batch. This problem has a strong practical background in the process industry. Since the problem is NP-hard, improved Lagrangian relaxation (LR) is developed where batch decomposition strategy is applied and mixed backward and forward dynamic programming is designed to solve batch-level subproblems with the case that each operation may have multiple predecessors and successors. Results of numerical experiments with up to 60 jobs show that the proposed algorithm can obtain better solutions in a reasonable computation time than traditional LR. 相似文献
1000.
Noemi Merayo Ana Balea Elena de la Fuente Ángeles Blanco Carlos Negro 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(2):677-692
Although the positive effect that cellulose nanofibers (CNF) can have on paper strength is known, their effect on flocculation during papermaking is not well understood, and most relevant studies have been carried out in presence of only cationic starch. Flocculation is the key to ensuring retention of fibers, fines, and fillers, and furthermore floc properties have a great influence on paper quality. The aim of this research is to study the interactions between CNF and flocculants by assessing the effect of two types of CNF, from eucalyptus and corn, on the flocculation process induced by three different retention systems [a dual system, polyvinylamine (PVA), and cationic starch as reference]. The results showed that CNF interacted with the flocculants in different ways, affecting flocculation efficiency and floc properties. In general, addition of CNF increased floc stability and minimized overdosing effects. Moreover, presence of CNF increased floc size for given PVA dose; therefore, CNF addition could contribute to improve the wet end in the paper machine if combined with the optimal flocculant and dose. 相似文献