Quadratic trigonometric b-spline galerkin methods for the regularized long wave equation

In this study, a numerical solution of the Regularized Long Wave (RLW) equation is obtained using Galerkin finite element method, based on two and three steps Adams Moulton method for the time integration and quadratic trigonometric B-spline functions for the space integration. After two different linearization techniques are applied, the proposed algorithms are tested on the problems of propagation of a solitary wave and interaction of two solitary waves. For the first test problem, the rate of convergence and the running time of the proposed algorithms are computed and the error norm $L_{\infty }$ is used to measure the differences between exact and numerical solutions. The three conservation quantities of the motion are calculated to determine the conservation properties of the proposed algorithms for both of the test problems.     

On solutions of the fifth-order dispersive equations with porous medium type non-linearity

In this work, we focus on obtaining the exact solutions of the fifth-order semi-linear and non-linear dispersive partial differential equations, which have the second-order diffusion-like (porous-type) non-linearity. The proposed equations were not studied in the literature in the sense of the exact solutions. We reveal solutions of the proposed equations using the classical Riccati equations method. The obtained exact solutions, which can play a key role to simulate non-linear waves in the medium with dispersion and diffusion, are illustrated and discussed in details.     

What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The case of Turkey

This study attempts to give an insight into the trend in the performance of the Turkish banking sector by conducting a panel data fixed effects regression analysis. The results reveal that efficiency change is negatively related to the number of branches. We find a positive relationship between the loan ratio and the performance indices efficiency and efficiency change. Furthermore, bank capitalization is positively related to efficiency change. Interestingly however, return on equity is not statistically significant in explaining any of the efficiency measures. There is also no robust relationship between foreign ownership and efficiency. Finally, restructuring attempts in post-crises epoch robustly account for the improvement in efficiency scores in recent years.     

Tubotaiwin-N-oxid aus der Wurzelrinde von Conopharyngia johnstoni Stapf. 148. Mitteilung über Alkaloide

From the root bark of Conopharyngia johnstonii Stapf (Apocynaceae) the hitherto unknown tubotaiwine-N-oxide ( 2 ) together with tubotaiwine ( 1 ) were isolated and characterized.     

Recently available techniques applicable to genetic problems in the Middle East

In this paper, we address the preventive health aspects of genetic problems in the Middle East and provide guidelines to prioritize preventive strategies. Applications of various novel genetic techniques such as comprehensive neonatal screening, high throughput heterozygote detection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Affymetrix systems, the NanoChip system and a new way of sensitive karyotyping for single-cell chromosome abnormalities are discussed. In conclusion, from the various genetic techniques available, each country should adopt strategies most suitable to its genetic needs and should prioritize the programs to be used in prevention.     

Low‐level Laser (Light) Therapy Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes with a Peak Response at 3–6 h

Low‐level laser (light) therapy has been used before exercise to increase muscle performance in both experimental animals and in humans. However, uncertainty exists concerning the optimum time to apply the light before exercise. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in muscles, and to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to perform exercise. The goal of this study was to investigate the time course of the increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in myotubes formed from C2C12 mouse muscle cells and exposed to light‐emitting diode therapy (LEDT). LEDT employed a cluster of LEDs with 20 red (630 ± 10 nm, 25 mW) and 20 near‐infrared (850 ± 10 nm, 50 mW) delivering 28 mW cm² for 90 s (2.5 J cm²) with analysis at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post‐LEDT. LEDT‐6 h had the highest MMP, followed by LEDT‐3 h, LEDT‐24 h, LEDT‐5 min and Control with significant differences. The same order (6 h > 3 h > 24 h > 5 min > Control) was found for ATP with significant differences. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) between MMP and ATP. These data suggest an optimum time window of 3–6 h for LEDT stimulate muscle cells.     

Model fluorous polyurethane surface modifiers having co-polyoxetane soft blocks with trifluoroethoxymethyl and bromomethyl side chains

Polyurethanes containing poly(2-trifluoroethoxymethyl-2-methyl)-co-(2-bromomethyl-2-methyl)-1,3-propylene oxide (co-polyoxetane) soft blocks, P[3FOx:BrOx-m:n], were prepared and used (0.5-2 wt %) to modify the surface properties of a conventional polyurethane. The substrate polyurethane was composed of an isophorone diisocyanate/butanediol hard block and a polytetramethylene oxide soft block [IPDI/BD(50%)-PTMO(2000)]. A combination of tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic contact angle (DCA) studies showed that the fluorous polyurethane surface modifiers confer surface properties similar to those of the parent at 0.5-1.0 wt %. The retention of initial wetting behavior in water was enhanced with higher ratios of 3FOx:BrOx that corresponds to increasing fluorous character. A semifluorinated chaperone is necessary to surface concentrate -CH2Br groups. Negligible Br was detected by XPS when the P[BrOx]-soft block polyurethane was used as a surface modifier (0.5%) and the wetting behavior was similar to that of the bulk polyurethane. Despite being hydrophobic (theta adv = 102 degrees) the P[BrOx]-soft block polyurethane is not a polymer surface modifier under the conditions described herein. The calculated solubility parameters for PTMO and P[BrOx], which are similar, support the notion of BrOx miscibility with the base polyurethane. The combination of miscibility of BrOx repeat units and lack of an end-group-like architecture minimizes BrOx surface concentration in the chosen bulk polyurethane.     

New Fully Automated Preparation of High Apparent Molar Activity 68Ga-FAPI-46 on a Trasis AiO Platform

A large number of applications for fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI)-based PET agents have been evaluated in conditions ranging from cancer to non-malignant diseases such as myocardial infarction. In particular, ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-46 was reported to have a high specificity and affinity for FAP-expressing cells, a fast and high accumulation in tumor lesions/injuries together with a fast body clearance when investigated in vivo. Due to the increasing interest in the use of the agent both preclinically and clinically, we developed an automated synthesis for the production of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-46 on a Trasis AiO platform. The new synthetic procedure, which included the processing of the generator eluate using a strong cation exchange resin and a final purification step through an HLB followed by a QMA cartridge, yielded ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-46 with high radiochemical purity (>98%) and apparent molar activity (271.1 ± 105.6 MBq/nmol). Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo properties of the product were assessed on glioblastoma cells and mouse model. Although developed for the preparation of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-46 for preclinical use, our method can be adapted for clinical production as a reliable alternative to the manual (i.e., cold kit) or modular systems preparations already described in the literature.     

Substituted manganese phthalocyanines as bleach catalysts: synthesis,characterization and the investigation of de-aggregation behavior with LiCl in solutions

Research on Chemical Intermediates - This study reported the oxidative degradation of morin dye with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by manganese phthalocyanines as low temperature bleaching catalysts...