Direct analysis of selected N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A rapid, simple and selective method involving direct separation by gas chromatography (GC) with electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) was employed to determine some N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Using GC/EI-MS, simultaneous separation and characterization of AHLs were possible without prior derivatization. Informative fragmentation patterns were obtained to identify the structures of N-acyl chains of AHLs. Electron ionization resulted in a common fragmentation pattern with the most abundant ion at m/z 143 and other minor peaks at m/z 71, 57, and 43. The presence of AHLs in extracts of Burkholderia cepacia strains was achieved in selected ion monitoring mode by using the prominent fragment at m/z 143.     

Macromlecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides. XVI. On the way to the synthesis of ω-aliphatic primary amine poly (ϵ-caprolactone) and polylactides

Since bromides are well-known precursors of primary amines, diethylaluminum 12 bromo-1-dodecyl oxide has been prepared and used as an initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of ?-caprolactone and L-lactide. Uner strictly controlled conditions, the end-functionalization of the polyesters in quantitative and the bromo end-group is easily converted into an azide group whatever the polymeric backbone. The subsequent reduction of the azide into the expected primary amine has been investigated by catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) in DMF and by hydrolysis in the presence of triphenylphosphine in THF, respectively.The hydrolysis reaction (PΦ₃/H₂O) is perturbed by a coupling reaction, which involves a protonate secondary amine and leads to a twofold increase in the polyester molecular weight. The CTH method gives rise to the expected ω-NH₂ poly (?-caprolactone), in contrast to polylactide which seems to be unstable toward the nascent amine end group. Whatever the polarity of the medium (DMF or THF), aminolysis of polylactides is observed to occur and leads to the formation of an internal amide. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Etude de la cristallinite de derives n-octadecyliques de l'alcool polyvinylique obtenus par greffage chimique

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the heats of fusion and melting transitions of n-octadecyl derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol. These derivatives were obtained by grafting paraffinic chains on polyvinyl alcohol, at various proportions. The melting transitions are independent of the degree of substitution; the heats of fusion are proportional to the fraction of crystallizable units. Using Flory's equilibrium crystallization theory, it is possible to interpret these results assuming, as demonstrated previously, that the chemical grafting is sequential with two unreacted hydroxyl groups between two adjacent paraffinic side-chains.     

Recent improvements of the ion analyzer and typical examples of applications

Improvements of a CAMECA IMS 300 ion microanalyzer are described: ion source, resolution, ion detector and counting system. Comparison with the performances of an electron microprobe is presented. Examples of application are given.     

Analyse conformationnelle théorique

Résumé Une étude théorique ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO de la méthylène imine et de l'anion vinyle a été effectuée. Les barrières d'énergie calculées pour l'inversion de l'azote et pour la rotation autour de la liaison C=N sont respectivement de 26–28 kcal/mole et de 57 kcal/mole.La barrière d'inversion du carbanion calculée pour l'anion vinyle est de 39 kcal/mole et l'isomérisation des imines se fait donc par inversion de l'azote. Les anions vinyliques ont une configuration stable.L'origine physique de ces barrières d'inversion est étudiée et caractérisée par les variations des termes énergétiques, de la composition de l'OM du doublet libre et des populations électroniques.La comparaison des processus d'inversion du carbanion, de l'azote et de l'oxonium dans la série CH₂=CH, CH₂=NH et CH₂=OH a permis de mettre en évidence l'évolution des termes énergétiques, de la hauteur de la barrière et des transferts de population.

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Theoretical conformational analysisIV. An ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO study of methylenimine and of vinyl anion

An ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO study of methylenimine and vinyl anion has been performed. The calculated barriers to nitrogen inversion and to rotation about the C=N bond are equal to 26–28 kcal/mole and 57 kcal/mole respectively.The calculated barrier to carbanion inversion in the vinyl anion amounts to 39 kcal/mole. Thus isomerization of imines occurs by a nitrogen inversion process and vinyl anions are configurationally stable.The physical origin of these inversion barriers is studied and characterized by the changes in the energy terms, in lone pair MO composition, and in electron populations.Comparison of the carbanion, nitrogen and oxonium inversion processes in the isoelectronic series CH₂=CH, CH₂=NH and CH₂=OH permits to delineate general trends in the energy terms, barrier height and population transfers.

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Zusammenfassung Für Methylenimin und das Vinylanion wird eine ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO-Studie durchgeführt. Die berechneten Barrieren für die Stíckstoffinversion und die Rotation um die C=N-Bindung betragen 26–28 kcal/Mol bzw. 57 kcal/Mol.Die berechnete Barriere für die Inversion des Carbanions im Vinylanion beträgt 39 kcal/Mol. Daher wird die Isomerisation von Iminen durch einen Stickstoffinversionsprozeß hervorgerufen, und die Konfigurationen von Vinyl-Anionen sind stabil.Der physikalische Ursprung dieser Inversionsbarrieren wird studiert und durch Änderungen in den Energietermen, in der Zusammensetzung von Ione pair-MO's und in den Besetzungszahlen der Elektronen charakterisiert.Ein Vergleich der Inversionsprozesse des Carbanions, des Stickstoffs und des Oxonium-Ions in der isoelektronischen Reihe CH₂=CH^–, CH₂=NH and CH₂=OH⁺ ermöglicht es, allgemeine Züge in den Energietermen, in den Höhen der Barrieren und den Besetzungsübergängen abzuleiten.

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Précédent article de cette série: cf. Réf. [1].

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Laboratoire associé au C.N.R.S.     

Etude de la réaction de l'acé'tylacé'tate d'éthyle avec les diamino-1,5 imidazoles

The condensation of 1,5-diaminoimidazoles with ethyl aceto-acetate gives two types of compounds: imidazo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazepinones and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinones. The structure of these compounds is demonstrated by rmn and mass spectroscopy. The formation of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinones from imidazo[1,5-b]-triazepinones through a new transposition is also shown.     

Further study of theE/f 1 (1420) meson in central production

We have studied the reactions \(({{\pi ^ + } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\pi ^ + } p}} \right. \kern-0em} p})p \to ({{\pi ^ + } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\pi ^ + } p}} \right. \kern-0em} p})(K\bar K\pi )p\) where the \(K\bar K\pi \) system is centrally produced, at 85 GeV/c and 300 GeV/c using the CERN Omega spectrometer. A spin-parity analysis of theK _S ⁰ K ^± π ^? system shows the presence of a strongJ ^PC=1⁺⁺ signal which we identify as theE/f ₁ (1420) meson. We also find evidence for the decayE/f ₁(1420)→K _S ⁰ K _S ⁰ π ⁰ which determines theC-parity of this state to be positive. Alternative explanations of the data have been tested and ruled out. Hence we obtain the quantum numbers of theE/f ₁ (1420) to beI ^G(J^PC)=0⁺(1⁺).     

Feynman path integrals and the trace formula for the Schrödinger operators

We study Schrödinger operators of the form on ^d , whereA ² is a strictly positive symmetricd×d matrix andV(x) is a continuous real function which is the Fourier transform of a bounded measure. If _n are the eigenvalues ofH we show that the theta function is explicitly expressible in terms of infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals (Feynman path integrals) over the Hilbert space of closed trajectories. We use these explicit expressions to give the asymptotic behaviour of (t) for smallh in terms of classical periodic orbits, thus obtaining a trace formula for the Schrödinger operators. This then yields an asymptotic expansion of the spectrum ofH in terms of the periodic orbits of the corresponding classical mechanical system. These results extend to the physical case the recent work on Poisson and trace formulae for compact manifolds.Partially supported by the USP-Mathematisierung, University of Bielefeld (Forschungsprojekt Unendlich dimensionale Analysis)     

Synthesis of Phosphohomoserine Lactone,A New Pseudopeptide Unit

We describe here the synthesis of the enantiomerically pure phosphohomoserine lactone which will serve as an haptenic structure in catalytic antibody preparation.