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991.
Single-molecule detection (SMD) allows static and dynamic heterogeneities from seemingly equal molecules to be revealed in the studies of molecular structures and intra- and inter-molecular interactions. Micro- and nanometer-sized structures, including channels, chambers, droplets, etc., in microfluidic and nanofluidic devices allow diffusion-controlled reactions to be accelerated and provide high signal-to-noise ratio for optical signals. These two active research frontiers have been combined to provide unprecedented capabilities for chemical and biological studies. This review summarizes the advances of SMD performed on microfluidic and nanofluidic devices published in the past five years. The latest developments on optical SMD methods, microfluidic SMD platforms, and on-chip SMD applications are discussed herein and future development directions are also envisioned. 相似文献
992.
993.
Pei X Fernandes A Mathy B Laloyaux X Nysten B Riant O Jonas AM 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(15):9403-9412
Photoresponsive monolayers of hydrophilically substituted azobenzenes have been prepared by reaction on aminosilane monolayers on silicon surfaces. Grafting densities in the 0.2-1.0 molecule/nm(2) range were determined by X-ray reflectometry. The monolayers exhibit reversible photoisomerization, switching from a more hydrophilic trans state to a less hydrophilic cis state upon UV irradiation, in contrast with the usual behavior of most azobenzene monolayers that switch from a less to a more hydrophilic state. This indicates that the wettability is not dominated by the change in the dipole moment of the azobenzene moiety but originates from variations in the composition of the outer surface of the monolayers resulting from the reorientation of the substituent groups. The light-driven change in the water contact angle correlates linearly with the grafting density but remains small. However, the wettability contrast can be increased by forcing the molecules to stand in an improved vertical orientation, either by densifying the underlying aminosilane monolayer or by filling the voids left at the bottom of the layer of grafted azobenzene molecules. 相似文献
994.
Jiang X Zhang T Xu L Wang C Zhou X Gu N 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(9):5410-5419
Breath figure (BF) process is a facile method to prepare honeycomb structures by dynamic movements of condensed micrometer-sized water droplets at the interface of volatile fluid. Here, we aim to find answers to understand how the BF process occurs on micropipettes with curvature gradient and to understand the role of the surfactant in obtaining honeycomb patterns. Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) chloroform solution with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) as surfactant was utilized. It is found that the honeycomb structure formed on the micropipettes changes remarkably with the gradually increased surface curvature. The variation trends of the arrangement and diameter of pores on the micropipettes with the increasing curvature are similar to the different time stages of BF process: smaller and sparse pores formed at higher curvature are similar to those formed at early stage of BF; regular honeycomb patterns formed at lower curvature are similar to those formed at the late stage of BF. Especially, the "semi-coalescence" hemispherical pores strings are found at high curvatures on PLLA-DOPE films, indicating the surfactant-induced coalescence of water droplets in BF process. The differences of drying speed of polymer solvent on micropipette with gradually increased curvatures make the printing of the pores at different BF stages on polymer film possible. These findings not only strongly support the mechanism of BF array formation, but also elucidate the surfactant-induced coalescence. 相似文献
995.
Tsai YT Choi CH Gao N Yang EH 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(7):4249-4256
This paper presents the experimental results and analyses on a controlled manipulation of liquid droplets upon local reduction and oxidation (redox) of a smart polymer-dodecylbenzenesulfonate doped polypyrrole (PPy(DBS)). The electrochemically tunable wetting property of PPy(DBS) permitted liquid droplet manipulation at very low voltages (-0.9 to 0.6 V). A dichloromethane (DCM) droplet was flattened upon PPy(DBS) reduction. It was found that the surface tension gradient across the droplet contact line induced Marangoni stress, which caused this deformation. Further observation of PPy(DBS)'s color change upon the redox process confirmed that the surface tension gradient was the driving force for the droplet shape change. 相似文献
996.
Membrane orientation of MSI-78 measured by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang P Ramamoorthy A Chen Z 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(12):7760-7767
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) selectively disrupt bacterial cell membranes to kill bacteria whereas they either do not or weakly interact with mammalian cells. The orientations of AMPs in lipid bilayers mimicking bacterial and mammalian cell membranes are related to their antimicrobial activity and selectivity. To understand the role of AMP-lipid interactions in the functional properties of AMPs better, we determined the membrane orientation of an AMP (MSI-78 or pexiganan) in various model membranes using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. A solid-supported single 1,2-dipalmitoyl-an-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DPPG) bilayer or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (POPG) bilayer was used as a model bacterial cell membrane. A supported 1,2-dipalmitoyl-an-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayer or a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer was used as a model mammalian cell membrane. Our SFG results indicate that the helical MSI-78 molecules are associated with the bilayer surface with ~70° deviation from the bilayer normal in the negatively charged gel-phase DPPG bilayer at 400 nM peptide concentration. However, when the concentration was increased to 600 nM, MSI-78 molecules changed their orientation to make a 25° tilt from the lipid bilayer normal whereas multiple orientations were observed for an even higher peptide concentration in agreement with toroidal-type pore formation as reported in a previous solid-state NMR study. In contrary, no interaction between MSI-78 and a zwitterionic DPPC bilayer was observed even at a much higher peptide concentration (~12,000 nM). These results demonstrate that SFG can provide insights into the antibacterial activity and selectivity of MSI-78. Interestingly, the peptide exhibits a concentration-dependent membrane orientation in the lamellar-phase POPG bilayer and was also found to induce toroidal-type pore formation. The deduced lipid flip-flop from SFG signals observed from lipids also supports MSI-78-induced toroidal-type pore formation. 相似文献
997.
Shuang Bao Wei-tao Gong Wen-dan Chen Jun-wei Ye Yuan Lin Gui-ling Ning 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2011,70(1-2):115-119
A new tripodal receptor for anion sensing based on amide-pyridinium as recognition site and nitro-benzene as signaling unit was designed and successfully synthesized. This receptor showed high selectivity and strong binding affinity toward AcO? over the investigated anions, especially over H2PO4 ?. Addition of AcO? induced clear color change of solution from colorless to yellow, realizing the ??naked-eye?? detection. UV?CVis and 1H NMR experiments indicated the selectivity might origin from the synergistic effects arising from hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and conformational change. 相似文献
998.
Polysaccharide nanocrystals, such as rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and chitin whiskers and platelet-like starch nanocrystals, were incorporated into alginate-based nanocomposite microspheres with the aim of enhancing mechanical strength and regulating drug release behavior. The structures and properties of the sols and the resultant nanocomposite microspheres were characterized by rheological testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of polysaccharide nanocrystals increased the stability of the crosslinked network structure, and the nanocomposite microspheres consequently exhibited prominent sustained release profiles, as demonstrated by inhibited diffusion of theophylline. Furthermore, based on the drug release results, the release kinetics and transport mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
999.
Prof. Dr. Feixiang Cheng Jishu Chen Chengke Sun Ning Tang Longhai Chen 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2011,637(1):160-166
Two symmetric tetrapodal ligands L1–2 and one asymmetric tetrapodal ligand L3 based on 4,5‐diazafluoren have been synthesized and characterized. Ligands L1–2 formed by the condensation of pentaerythrityl tetratosylate with 4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐oxime and 9‐(4‐hydroxy)phenylimino‐4,5‐diazafluorene, respectively. L3 was prepared by two steps, 9‐(4‐hydroxy)phenylimino‐4,5‐diazafluorene reacted with pentaerythrityl tetratosylate affording 1,1′,1"‐tris[(4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐ylimino)phenoxymethyl]‐1"′‐(p‐tosyloxymethyl)‐methane, which reacted with 4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐oxime affording the asymmetric ligand L3. Three tetranuclear RuII complexes [(bpy)8L1–3Ru4](PF6)8 (bpy = bipyridine) were obtained by the reaction of Ru(bpy)2Cl2 · 2H2O with ligands L1–3. Spectroscopic studies of these complexes exhibit metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer absorptions at 440–445 nm and emissions at 575–579 nm. The electrochemical behaviors of these complexes are consistent with one RuII‐based oxidation couple and three ligand‐centered reduction couples. 相似文献
1000.
A simple hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) method was developed for the identification and quantification of 14 nucleosides and nucleobases, namely cytosine, uracil, cytidine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uridine, thymine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, 2′-deoxyadenosine, 2′-deoxyinosine and 2′-deoxyuridine in two traditional Chinese medicines, Geosaurus and Leech. The separation was achieved on a TSKgel Amide-80 column (150 mm × 2.0 mm, 3.0 μm) with a mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The temperature was set at 30 °C and UV detection wavelength was set at 260 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9957) within the test ranges. The overall intra- and inter-day RSD ranged from 0.4 to 3.4% and from 0.7 to 3.3%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.07-30.49 ng/mL and 0.26-60.98 ng/mL, respectively. The repeatability of the method was in the range of 2.2-5.8% for Geosaurus and 1.4-5.5% for Leech. The recoveries of the samples were in the range of 91.4-100.9% for Geosaurus, and 91.9-99.3% for Leech. The established method was applied successfully for the analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases in 22 commercially available samples collected from different regions in China and Japan. Our data showed that HILIC had advantages as a useful tool for the study of the bioactive components in Geosaurus and Leech as well as their quality control, and could therefore be used for the determination of the analytes in pharmaceutical products and biological fluids. 相似文献