Application of a two-step dynamical model to calculating properties of fusion-fission reactions

The two-step model of fusion-fission reactions that was proposed previously by the present authors is extended in such a way as to describe the multiplicity of light particles emitted from nuclearfission fragments. Calculations are performed for the reaction induced by ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁴⁴Pu collisions. The mass distribution of fragments, their mass-energy distribution, and the total multiplicity of neutrons and gamma rays are obtained for E _lab = 230, 238, 249, and 255 MeV. It is shown that the model reproduces qualitatively relevant experimental data. In order to attain quantitative agreement, it is necessary to take into account the angular momentum carried away by particles from the nucleus undergoing fission and various types of gamma rays emitted by the nucleus and its fission fragments.     

Synthesis of (7-polyfluoroalkyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines based on lithium fluorine-containing β-diketonates

The reactions of Li enolates of fluorine-containing -diketones with 3-aminopyrazoles afforded (7-polyfluoroalkyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The structure of 3-bromo-2-methyl-5-phenyl-7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine was established by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Unexpected formation of tertiary chloroperfluoroalkanes upon the reaction of iodine chloride with branched perfluoroalkenes

Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, p. 2869, December, 1989.     

Description of the two-humped mass distribution of fission fragments of mercury isotopes on the basis of the multidimensional stochastic model

The dynamical model proposed earlier for describing fusion-fission reactions is applied to describing the two-humped mass distribution of fission fragments of mercury isotopes. In this model, the calculation of the time evolution of collective coordinates of the system is broken down into two stages. The first stage is that within which the projectile approaches the target nucleus, while the second is that of the evolution of the system formed after the touching of the projectile and target nuclei. The dynamical evolution of the system within both stages of the calculation is described on the basis of Langevin equations. The shell structure of colliding nuclei is taken into account at either stage of the calculation. Mass distributions are calculated for fragments originating from the fission of the mercury isotopes ^{190, 184}Hg formed in the fusion-fission reactions ⁴⁸Ca + ¹⁴²Nd → ¹⁹⁰Hg and ⁴⁰Ar + ¹⁴⁴Sm → ¹⁸⁴Hg. The process in which the isotope ¹⁸⁰Hg undergoes fission from the ground state is also calculated. The results obtained in this way are compared with the results of previous theoretical calculations and with available experimental data.     

Cluster formation of endohedral metallofullerenes with Y,Gd, and Ho in a solution and on a solid surface

The formation of endohedral metallofullerene clusters with Y, Gd, and Ho in an N,N-dimethylformamide solution and on a mica substrate surface has been investigated using static and dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, respectively. It has been found that the size distribution of the clusters depends on the concentration of endohedral metallofullerenes and on the exposure time of the solution. It has been shown that the clusters are resistant to high temperatures and ultrasound effects. The concentration of endohedral metallofullerenes at which only single clusters are formed in the solutions has been determined. It has been established that an increase in the concentration of endohedral metallofullerenes leads to the agglomeration of single clusters. The fractal dimension has been estimated, and the zeta potential of endohedral metallofullerene clusters has been measured.