Third-Order Phase Transition: Random Matrices and Screened Coulomb Gas with Hard Walls

Journal of Statistical Physics - Consider the free energy of a d-dimensional gas in canonical equilibrium under pairwise repulsive interaction and global confinement, in presence of a volume...     

Partial differential equations of multi-quasi-elliptic type

The theory of multi-quasi-elliptic operators and associated Sobolev spaces is revised in this article and possible developments of the research are indicated concerning operators of principal type and non-linear equations. Moreover some new results concerning operators with anti-Wick symbols are presented. To the memory of Lamberto Cattabriga     

Topological and algebraic structures on the ring of Fermat reals

The ring of Fermat reals is an extension of the real field containing nilpotent infinitesimals, and represents an alternative to Synthetic Differential Geometry in classical logic. In the present paper, our first aim is to study this ring by using standard topological and algebraic structures. We present the Fermat topology, generated by a complete pseudo-metric, and the omega topology, generated by a complete metric. The first one is closely related to the differentiation of (non-standard) smooth functions defined on open sets of Fermat reals. The second one is connected to the differentiation of smooth functions defined on infinitesimal sets. Subsequently, we prove that every (proper) ideal is a set of infinitesimals whose order is less than or equal to some real number. Finally, we define and study roots of infinitesimals. A computer implementation as well as an application to infinitesimal Taylor formulas with fractional derivatives are presented.     

Diphenylacetic Acid from Benzilic Acid: An Ecologically and Economically Improved Procedure

Overall yields better than 90% of pure diphenylacetic acid may be obtained by the route benzilic acid — benzilic acid dimeric ester — diphenylacetic acid.