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81.
82.
Alejandro Cañas Samuel Valdebenito Pablo Richter 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(8):2205-2210
A novel extraction approach was developed based on rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE). In this approach the rotating-disk extraction device consists of a Teflon disk, with a cavity that is loaded with a commercial sorbent phase selected according to the polarity of the analyte. To avoid leakage of the sorbent, the cavity is covered with a fiberglass filter and sealed with a Teflon ring. The proposed novel analytical RDSE technique was used in this study to determine florfenicol levels in plasma as a model analyte, or sample system, to describe the pharmacokinetics of a veterinary formulation. The sorbent used for this application was the copolymer of divinylbenzene and N-vinylpyrrolidone (Oasis HLB), which was selected because the florfenicol molecule contains both hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties. After the extraction, final determination of the analyte was performed by HPLC–DAD. Calibration plots and other analytical features were obtained after 90 min of extraction. The calibration plot was linear over the interval 0.4–16 μg mL?1 (n?=?6), with R 2?=?0.9999. Recovery and repeatability were determined using a blank plasma sample spiked with 4.8 μg mL?1 florfenicol. A recovery of 91.5 %, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8.8 %, was obtained when the extraction was evaluated using six different rotating-disk devices. Precision was also assessed, using the same disk (containing the same sorbent phase) for eight aliquots of the same sample. The RSD under these conditions was 10.2 %, clearly indicating that the sorptive phase could possibly be re-used. Accordingly, RDSE is a suitable sample preparation alternative to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). 相似文献
83.
Viola L. Borova Niki C. Maragou Pablo Gago-Ferrero Constantinos Pistos Νikolaos S. Τhomaidis 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(17):4273-4285
The present work describes the development and validation of a highly sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 68 compounds, including illicit drugs (opiates, opioids, cocaine compounds, amphetamines, and hallucinogens), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, anesthetics, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and sympathomimetics), and selected human metabolites in influent and effluent wastewater (IWW and EWW) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method involves a pre-concentration and cleanup step, carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using the adsorbent Strata-XC, followed by the instrumental analysis performed by LC–MS/MS, using a Kinetex pentafluorophenyl (PFP) reversed-phase fused-core column and electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes. A systematic optimization of mobile phases was performed to cope with the wide range of physicochemical properties of the analytes. The PFP column was also compared with two reversed-phase columns: fused-core C18 and XB-C18 (with a cross-butyl C18 ligand). SPE optimization and critical aspects associated with the trace level determination of the target compounds (e.g., matrix effects) have been also considered and discussed. Fragmentation patterns for all the classes were proposed. The validated method provides absolute recoveries between 75 and 120 % for most compounds in IWW and EWW. Low method limits of detection were achieved (between 0.04 and 10.0 ng/L for 87 % of the compounds), allowing a reliable and accurate quantification of the analytes at trace level. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of these compounds in five wastewater treatment plants in Santorini, a touristic island of the Aegean Sea, Greece. Thirty-two out of 68 compounds were detected in all IWW samples in the range between 0.6 ng/L (for nordiazepam) and 6,822 ng/L (for carbamazepine) and 22 out of 68 in all EWW samples, with values between 0.4 ng/L (for 9-OH risperidone) and 2,200 ng/L (for carbamazepine). The novel methodology described herein maximizes the information on the environmental analysis of these substances and also provides a first profile of 68 drugs in a Greek touristic area. 相似文献
84.
Isotachophoresis (ITP) has long been used alone but also as a preconcentration technique for capillary electrophoresis (CE). Unfortunately, up to now, its application is restricted to relatively strong acids and bases as either the degree of (de)protonation is too low or the water dissociation is too high, evoking zone electrophoresis. With the comprehensive ITP analysis of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids as model analytes, we, here, show that non–aqueous ITP using dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent solves this ITP shortcoming. Dimethylsulfoxide changes the pH regime of analytes and electrolytes but, more importantly, strongly reduces the proton mobility by prohibiting hydrogen bonds and thus, the so-called Zundel–Eigen–Zundel electrical conduction mechanism of flipping hydrogen bonds. The effects are demonstrated in an electrolyte system with taurine or H+ as terminator, and imidazole as leader together with strong acids such as oxalic and even trifluoroacetic acid as counterions, both impossible to use in aqueous solution. Mass spectrometric as well as capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) are used to follow the ITP processes. To demonstrate the preconcentration capabilities of ITP in a two-dimensional set-up, we, here, also demonstrate that our non-aqueous ITP method can be combined with capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry in a column-coupling system using a hybrid approach of capillaries coupled to a microfluidic interface. For this, C4D was optimized for on-chip detection with the electrodes aligned on top of a thin glass lid of the microfluidic chip. 相似文献
85.
Dr. Ádám Eördögh Annabell Martin Prof. Dr. Pablo Rivera-Fuentes 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(71):e202202832
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can reveal nanometric details of biological samples, but its high phototoxicity hampers long-term imaging in live specimens. A significant part of this phototoxicity stems from repeated irradiations that are necessary for controlled switching of fluorophores to maintain the sparse labeling of the sample. Lower phototoxicity can be obtained using fluorophores that blink spontaneously, but controlling the density of single-molecule emitters is challenging. We recently developed photoregulated fluxional fluorophores (PFFs) that combine the benefits of spontaneously blinking dyes with photocontrol of emitter density. These dyes, however, were limited to imaging acidic organelles in live cells. Herein, we report a systematic study of PFFs that culminates in probes that are functional at physiological pH and operate at longer wavelengths than their predecessors. Moreover, these probes are compatible with HaloTag labeling, thus enabling timelapse, single-molecule imaging of specific protein targets for exceptionally long times. 相似文献
86.
Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa Pablo No Núez-Aragn Erika Gomez-Chang Edelmira Linares Robert Bye Irma Romero 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(12)
Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has been traditionally used for the treatment of digestive ailments such as gastritis, whose main etiological agent is Helicobacter pylori. In a previous screening study, the aqueous extract exhibited a good in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. With the aim of determining the efficacy of this species as a treatment for H. pylori related diseases and finding bioactive compounds, its aqueous extract was subjected to solvent partitioning and the fractions obtained were tested for their in vitro anti-H. pylori effect, as well as for their in vivo gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. The aqueous extract showed a MIC = 250 µg/mL. No acute toxicity was induced in mice. A gastroprotection of 69.8 ± 3.8%, as well as anti-inflammatory effects of 47.6 ± 12.4% and 38.8 ± 10.2% (by oral and topical administration, respectively), were attained. Estafiatin and eupatilin were isolated and exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with MBCs of 15.6 and 31.2 µg/mL, respectively. The finding that A. ludoviciana aqueous extract has significant anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities is a relevant contribution to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this species. This work is the first report about the in vivo gastroprotective activity of A. ludoviciana and the anti-H. pylori activity of eupatilin and estafiatin. 相似文献
87.
Castro Jorge Fernández Francisco Olivares Felipe Berríos Cristhian Garrido-Ramírez Elizabeth Blanco Elodie Escalona Néstor Aspée Alexis Barrías Pablo Ureta-Zañartu M. Soledad 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2021,25(1):117-131
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) is a persistent pollutant introduced in water by industrial processes and pesticides. We have studied the electrooxidation of... 相似文献
88.
Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento Sebastio Gomes Silva Mrcia Moraes Cascaes Kauê Santana da Costa Pablo Luis Baia Figueiredo Cristiane Maria Leal Costa Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade Lênio Jos Guerreiro de Faria 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(9)
Leaves of Lippia thymoides (Verbenaceae) were dried in an oven at 40, 50 and 60 °C and the kinetic of drying and the influence of the drying process on the chemical composition, yield, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the obtained essential oils were evaluated. The composition of the essential oils was determined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analyses. The influence of drying on the chemical composition of the essential oils of L. thymoides was evaluated by multivariate analysis, and their antioxidant activity was investigated via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The Midilli model was the most appropriate to describe the behavior of drying kinetic data of L. thymoides leaves. Thymol was the major compound for all analyzed conditions; the maximum content was obtained from fresh leaves (62.78 ± 0.63%). The essential oils showed DPPH radical scavenging activity with an average of 73.10 ± 12.08%, and the fresh leaves showed higher inhibition (89.97 ± 0.31%). This is the first study to evaluate the influence of drying on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of L. thymoides essential oils rich in thymol. 相似文献
89.
We study the intercommuting of semilocal strings and Skyrmions for a wide range of internal parameters, velocities, and intersection angles by numerically evolving the equations of motion. We find that the collisions of strings and strings, strings and Skyrmions, and Skyrmions and Skyrmions all lead to intercommuting for a wide range of parameters. Even the collisions of unstable Skyrmions and strings lead to intercommuting, demonstrating that the phenomenon of intercommuting is very robust, extending to dissimilar field configurations that are not stationary solutions. Even more remarkably, at least for the semilocal U(2) formulation considered here, all intercommutations trigger a reversion to Nielsen-Olesen strings. 相似文献
90.
We present an instrument based on Purkinje imaging that permits the objective measurement of the amount of scattering associated with the eye's anterior segment, avoiding the contribution from the retina. The experimental system records the fourth Purkinje image, and adequate processing is used to compute a parameter that quantifies the scattering. The method was first tested in an artificial eye and later in normal young eyes wearing customized contact lenses that induced different amounts of scatter. We were able to detect scattering increments, which indicates that this technique may be used as an objective tool to quantify the level of scattering in the anterior segment of the living human eye. The future use of this technique in clinical environments might help to estimate the level of corneal haze in eyes undergoing refractive surgery or/and scattering within the lens during cataract development. 相似文献