Blood flow in stenosed arteries with radially variable viscosity, peripheral plasma layer thickness and magnetic field

A novel approach of combined mathematical and computational models has been developed to investigate the oscillatory two-layered flow of blood through arterial stenosis in the presence of a transverse uniform magnetic field applied. Blood in the core region and plasma fluid in the peripheral layer region are assumed to obey the law of Newtonian fluid. An analytical solution is obtained for velocity profile and volumetric flow rate in the peripheral plasma region and also wall shear stress. Finite difference method is employed to solve the momentum equation for the core region. The numerical solutions for velocity, flow rate and flow resistance are computed. The effects of various parameters associated with the present flow problem such as radially variable viscosity, hematocrit, plasma layer thickness, magnetic field and pulsatile Reynolds number on the physiologically important flow characteristics namely velocity distribution, flow rate, wall shear stress and resistance to flow have been investigated. It is observed that the velocity increases with the increase of plasma layer thickness. An increase or a decrease in the velocity and wall shear stress against the increase in the value of magnetic parameter (Hartmann number) and hematocrit is dependent on the value of t. An increase in magnetic field leads to an increase in the flow resistance and it decreases with the increase in the plasma layer thickness and pulsatile Reynolds number. The information concerning the phase lag between the flow characteristics and how it is affected by the hematocrit, plasma layer thickness and Hartmann number has, for the first time, been added to the literature.     

以MH2(M=Ti,Zr)为原料反应烧结制备MB2-SiC复相陶瓷

分别以TiH2,ZrH2为原料,结合原位反应与脉冲电流辅助烧结制备了TiB2-SiC及ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷.研究发现,所制备的复相陶瓷表现出一定的织构化现象,TiB2及ZrB2晶粒在反应烧结过程中其(001)面沿垂直压力和电流方向生长.金属氢化物粉体的粒径大小对复相陶瓷的致密化及微结构有较大影响:粒径越小越有利于陶瓷的致密化和硼化物晶粒的定向生长.由于金属硼化物的定向,复相陶瓷的机械性能表现出各向异性.TiB2-SiC复相陶瓷具有较高的断裂韧性,最高可达7.3 MPa·m1/2,而ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷具有更高的抗弯强度(937 MPa).     

Protective effect of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) against membrane-bound enzyme alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats

This study was aimed at evaluating the preventive role of the ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) fruit on membrane-bound enzymes, such as sodium potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase), calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca(2+) ATPase) and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg(2+) ATPase) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria (Mol) fruit (125, 250 and 500?mg?kg(-1) body weight) for a period of 30 days. After the treatment period, ISO (85mg?kg(-1) body weight) was subcutaneously injected into rats at 24-h intervals for 2 days. ISO-induced rats showed a significant (p?相似文献   

Global divergence of spatial coalescents

We study several fundamental properties of a class of stochastic processes called spatial Λ-coalescents. In these models, a number of particles perform independent random walks on some underlying graph G. In addition, particles on the same vertex merge randomly according to a given coalescing mechanism. A remarkable property of mean-field coalescent processes is that they may come down from infinity, meaning that, starting with an infinite number of particles, only a finite number remains after any positive amount of time, almost surely. We show here however that, in the spatial setting, on any infinite and bounded-degree graph, the total number of particles will always remain infinite at all times, almost surely. Moreover, if ${G\,=\,\mathbb{Z}^d}$ , and the coalescing mechanism is Kingman’s coalescent, then starting with N particles at the origin, the total number of particles remaining is of order (log* N) ^d at any fixed positive time (where log* is the inverse tower function). At sufficiently large times the total number of particles is of order (log* N) ^d-2, when d?>?2. We provide parallel results in the recurrent case d?=?2. The spatial Beta-coalescents behave similarly, where log log N is replacing log* N.     

Syntheses and characterization of lisinopril-coated gold nanoparticles as highly stable targeted CT contrast agents in cardiovascular diseases

Lisinopril was used as the targeting moiety to prepare gold nanoparticle-based functional CT contrast agents. Pure lisinopril, thioctic acid-lisinopril conjugate, and reduced thioctic acid-lisinopril conjugate were used to obtain GNP-Lis, GNP-TA-Lis, and GNP-RTA-Lis, respectively, via ligand exchange reaction on citrate-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). These lisinopril-decorated GNPs were fully characterized, and their chemical stabilities in biological relevant media and in high salt concentration were compared. Their relative stabilities toward lyophilization and against cyanide-induced decomposition were also investigated. Because of their higher stability, GNP-TA-Lis were used to assess the targeting of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using X-ray computed tomography (CT). The images obtained displayed high contrast in the region of the lungs and heart, clearly indicating the targeting of ACE, whose overexpression is associated with development of cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, the new nanoprobes prepared here will serve as very useful tools for the monitoring of cardiovascular pathophysiologies using CT imaging.     

Genotypic Variability Among Soybean Genotypes Under NaCl Stress and Proteome Analysis of Salt-Tolerant Genotype

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in ten genotypes of soybean (Glycine max L.). Twelve-day-old seedlings, grown hydroponically, were treated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150?mM NaCl for 10?days. Growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Growth, measured in terms of length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants, was drastically reduced in Pusa-24 while there was little effect of NaCl treatment on Pusa-37 genotype of soybean. High level of lipid peroxidation was observed in Pusa-24 as indicated by increased level of malondialdehyde. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were maximum in Pusa-37 where 9-, 1-, 5- and 6-fold increase over control were observed, respectively. The results suggested that Pusa-24 and Pusa-37 are salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotype of soybean, respectively, and antioxidant defence system is involved in conferring the sensitiveness and tolerance in these genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotype Pusa-37, was further analysed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to analyse the differential expression of proteins at high salt stress. In the present study, 173 protein spots were identified. Of these, 40 proteins were responsive to salinity in that they were either up- or downregulated. This study could help us in identifying the possible regulatory switches (gene/s) controlling novel proteins of the salt-tolerant genotype of the crop plants and their possible role in defence mechanism.     

On representations distinguished by unitary groups

Let E/F be a quadratic extension of number fields. We study periods and regularized periods of cusp forms and Eisenstein series on $\operatorname {GL}_{n}( \mathbf {A}_{E})$ over a unitary group of a Hermitian form with respect to E/F. We provide factorization for these periods into locally defined functionals, express these factors in terms of suitably defined local periods and characterize global distinction. We also study in detail the analogous local question and analyze the space of invariant linear forms under a unitary group.     

Optimum vibration absorber (tuned mass damper) design for linear damped systems subjected to random loads

Optimum design of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) installed on linear damped systems that are subjected to random loads is studied and closed-form design formulas are provided. Three cases are considered in the optimization process: Minimizing the variance of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the main mass. Exact optimum design parameters for the velocity case, which to the best knowledge of the author do not exist in the literature, are derived for the first time. Exact solutions are found to be directly applicable for practical use with no simplification needed. For displacement and acceleration cases, a solution for the optimum absorber frequency ratio is obtained as a function of optimum absorber damping ratio. Numerical simulations indicate that optimum absorber damping ratio is not significantly related to the structural damping, especially when the displacement variance is minimized. Therefore, optimum damping ratio derived for undamped systems is proposed for damped systems for the displacement case. When acceleration variance is minimized, however, the optimum damping ratio derived for undamped systems is found not as accurate for damped systems. Therefore, a more accurate approximate expression is derived. Numerical comparisons with published approximate expressions at the same level of complexity indicated that proposed design formula yield more accurate estimates. Another important finding of the paper is that for specific applications where all of the response parameters are desired to be minimized simultaneously, DVAs designed per velocity criteria provide the best overall performance with the least complexity in the design equations.     

CO2 Injection into Saline Carbonate Aquifer Formations II: Comparison of Numerical Simulations to Experiments

Sequestration of carbon dioxide in geological formations is an alternative way of managing extra carbon. Although there are a number of mathematical modeling studies related to this subject, experimental studies are limited and most studies focus on injection into sandstone reservoirs as opposed to carbonate ones. This study describes a fully coupled geochemical compositional equation-of-state compositional simulator (STARS) for the simulation of CO₂ storage in saline aquifers. STARS models physical phenomena including (1) thermodynamics of sub- and supercritical CO₂, and PVT properties of mixtures of CO₂ with other fluids, including (saline) water; (2) fluid mechanics of single and multiphase flow when CO₂ is injected into aquifers; (3) coupled hydrochemical effects due to interactions between CO₂, reservoir fluids, and primary mineral assemblages; and (4) coupled hydromechanical effects, such as porosity and permeability change due to the aforementioned blocking of pores by carbonate particles and increased fluid pressures from CO₂ injection. Matching computerized tomography monitored laboratory experiments showed the uses of the simulation model. In the simulations dissolution and deposition of calcite as well as adsorption of CO₂ that showed the migration of CO₂ and the dissociation of CO₂ into HCO₃ and its subsequent conversion into carbonate minerals were considered. It was observed that solubility and hydrodynamic storage of CO₂ is larger compared to mineral trapping.     

Chemical-effect variation of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios in 3d elements

Chemical effects on Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios for some Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn compounds are studied experimentally. The X-ray spectra were measured by using a Si (Li) solid state detector with high resolution. The vacancies were produced by heavily filtered ²⁴¹Am gamma rays. It is found that the Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios measured with compounds deviated up to 43% from the corresponding values of the pure elements. The values for pure elements are compared with the other experimental and with theoretical values.