Synthesis,Characterization, Electronic and Gas‐Sensing Properties towards H2 and CO of Transparent,Large‐Area,Low‐Layer Graphene

Low‐layered, transparent graphene is accessible by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique on a Ni‐catalyst layer, which is deposited on a <100> silicon substrate. The number of graphene layers on the substrate is controlled by the grain boundaries in the Ni‐catalyst layer and can be studied by micro Raman analysis. Electrical studies showed a sheet resistance (R_sheet) of approximately 1435 Ω per □, a contact resistance (R_c) of about 127 Ω, and a specific contact resistance (R_sc) of approximately 2.8×10^?4 Ω cm² for the CVD graphene samples. Transistor output characteristics for the graphene sample demonstrated linear current/voltage behavior. A current versus voltage (I_ds–V_ds) plot clearly indicates a p‐conducting characteristic of the synthesized graphene. Gas‐sensor measurements revealed a high sensor activity of the low‐layer graphene material towards H₂ and CO. At 300 °C, a sensor response of approximately 29 towards low H₂ concentrations (1 vol %) was observed, which is by a factor of four higher than recently reported.     

On the algebraic construction of chemistry from quantum mechanics. A fundamental valency vector field defined on the euclidean 3-space and its relation to the Hilbert space

To obtain from quantum mechanics directly the qualitative deductions of chemistry, a mathematical machinery is set up. A single vector space, and a dyad space relate different molecules or spatial configurations of an isomeric set of atoms to each other. Different electronic Hamiltonians belong to the dyad space and are treated so as to be used directly without the intermediary of orbitals, parameter choices, or variational calculations.     

Synthesis of α,α′-bisdialkylphosphonoisopropylnitroxyls

Conclusions Some,-bisdialkylphosphonoisopropylnitroxyl radicals were obtained by the thermolysis of dialkyl -nitrosoisopropylphosphonates and isolated in the pure state.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1867–1868, August, 1979.     

Radiative annihilation of a lepton pair to form hadrons

The electromagnetic annililation of an e^–e⁺ pair to form hadrons, accompanied by the emission of a ray, is studied. A differential cross section is derived to describe the angular and energy distributions of the bremsstrahlung photons. The possibility of determining structure functions is studied. A five-quark model is used to calculate the circular polarization of the photon, P, and the transverse asymmetry coefficienta.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1981.     

Possibility of measuring the coupling constants of heavy quarks

The electroweak asymmetries (the front-back angular asymmetry, the right-left asymmetry, the degree of longitudinal polarization of a quark, and the degree of circular polarization of a -ray) in the ordinary and radiative annihilation of an electron-positron pair into a pair of heavy quarks are analyzed in the standard Weinberg-Salam model. It is shown that these P-odd asymmetries are quite sensitive to the magnitude of the right-hand coupling constant of a quark.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 23–28, July, 1988.     

Valid inequalities based on simple mixed-integer sets

In this paper we use facets of simple mixed-integer sets with three variables to derive a parametric family of valid inequalities for general mixed-integer sets. We call these inequalities two-step MIR inequalities as they can be derived by applying the simple mixed-integer rounding (MIR) principle of Wolsey (1998) twice. The two-step MIR inequalities define facets of the master cyclic group polyhedron of Gomory (1969). In addition, they dominate the strong fractional cuts of Letchford and Lodi (2002).