Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Kamebakaurin from Rabdosia excisa by Response Surface Methodology

For the efficient extraction of kamebakaurin（KA）, the ultrasound-assisted extraction（UAE） of KA from Rabdosia excisa（R, excisa） via response surface methodology（RSM） was investigated with high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Effects of the experimental parameters such as extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to plant material, extraction time and extraction temperature on the extracting efficiency of KA from R. excisa were evaluated, and the purity of KA in residual was calculated. The optimized conditions were 65.5%（volume fraction） acetone, 35 ℃, time of 24.6 min with ultrasound of 80 W/L, 40 kHz, ratio of liquid to plant material at 30：1（mL/g）. The maximum yield of KA is 0.708 mg/kg, with mean purity of 6.09%, indicating that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a feasible and useful method for extracting KA from R. excisa.     

苯/二联苯为桥的噻吩-吡咯-噻吩结构:分子构型及电致变色性质

A series of multi-branched dithienylpyrrole (SNS) monomers with rigid phenyl (PhSNS) and biphenyl rings (BPhSNS) as bridges were designed and synthesized, and were fabricated to form cross-linked polymers (pPhSNS, pBPhSNS) by electrochemical polymerization. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that PhSNS and BPhSNS exhibited similar oxidative properties except for one new higher-potential oxidative peak appearing in the curves of PhSNS. Theoretical calculations indicated that it should be attributed to the different steric configuration between the two dithienylpyrrole (SNS) units in PhSNS. One SNS unit possessed a larger twist angle (40.2°) between thiophene and pyrrole rings than the other one (21.2°), which indicated that PhSNS possessed a relatively larger energy gap (~0.4 eV) between HOMO-1 and HOMO than BPhSNS, for which HOMO and HOMO-1 levels were of almost the same energy. However, both PhSNS and BPhSNS showed similar onset oxidation potentials. The CV curves of pPhSNS and pBPhSNS showed that they presented similar oxidative properties, which enabled their corresponding electrochemical polymers to exhibit similar electrochromic properties. The UV-vis spectra of the corresponding polymers showed that both pPhSNS and pBPhSNS possessed similar optical absorption and similar multicolor switching between yellow (-0.8 V), greyish-green (0.9 V) and gray (1.1 V) colors. Besides, pPhSNS and pBPhSNS showed fast switching times of 0.57 s and 0.93 s at 1100 nm, respectively and reasonable contrasts of 46% and 31% at 1100 nm, respectively. These investigations may help understand the relationship between structural configuration and the electrochemistry/electrochromic properties for polymer electrochromic (PEC) materials research.     

人教版高中化学教科书“研究与实践”栏目分析与实施策略*

对人教版高中化学教科书新设计的“研究与实践”栏目的主题内容、功能价值进行分析,就如何充分发挥该栏目的教学功能和价值,发展学生的化学学科核心素养,提出了创设教学情境线索、开发为研究性学习课题、开发为校本选修课程、开发为STEM课程等实施策略。     

土家族药物天葵化石汤提取液抑制草酸钙结石形成的化学模拟

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了土家族药物天葵化石汤(Tiankui)的提取液对尿石晶体草酸钙(CaOxa)成核、生长的抑制作用及其对二水草酸钙(COD)的稳定作用. 当Tiankui浓度小于30 mg/mL时, 主要生成一水草酸钙(COM), 但可使COM晶体棱角圆钝. 随着Tiankui浓度增加至45和75 mg/mL, 可分别诱导95%和100%的COD晶体生成. Tiankui还可以稳定COD在水溶液中的存在, 没有Tiankui存在时, COD在48 h内全部转化为COM晶体, 而在12 mg/mL Tiankui存在下, COD仅有20%转化. 从Tiankui提取液的活性组分、与草酸钙不同晶相间的吸附差异、化学配位等角度讨论了其抑制CaOxa生长和诱导稳定COD的化学基础.     

异色满并三氮杂酮化合物的合成

异色满(isochroman)是自然界中某些抗菌素和毒菌的基本骨架组成。例如,卡拉真菌素(kalafugin),七尾霉素(nanaomycin)和桔霉素(citrinin)等都是带有异色满环结构的杂环醌。近年来,人们合成了许多具有各种药理活性的异色满类化合物,其中引入异色满环的(艹卓)酚酮具有抑制肿瘤细胞的功能。为了合成类似活性的异色满类化合物,本文选择[1.2.4]三氮杂(艹卓)酮类的七员环系与异色满并环,旨在寻找抗癌新药。     

8-羟基喹啉两亲配合物的LB膜及其电致发光器件研究

制备了两亲配体N-十六烷基-8-羟基-2-喹啉甲酰胺(HL)十个配合物的LB膜。采用π-A等温线和小角X射线衍射等方法研究了这些LB膜的性质和结构。两亲配合物的单分子占有面积为(1.25±0.06)nm^2和(0.75±0.06)nm^2,分别对应于两亲分子中两个喹啉环平躺和环与环之间以一定的角度倾斜于气/水界面。LB膜内分子排列是二维有序的超晶格结构,双层高度(5.0±0.1)nm;LB膜具有导电各向异性,其平面和垂直直流电导率分别为10^-^5S.m^-^1和10^-^9S.m^-^1;LB膜的高荧光性质使之可以用作为电致发光器件的发光材料。以LaL~2(H~2O)~4Cl的LB膜为发光层的单层电致发光器件的驱动电压为9V,发光亮度330cd/m^2,为黄绿色发光。     

8-羟基喹啉衍生物及其金属配合物的合成与光致发光特性

设计合成了三种新型的8-羟基喹啉衍生物配体: 5-[(4-E-苯乙烯基)-苯甲亚胺基]-8-羟基喹啉(1), 5-[(4-溴-2-氟)-苯甲亚胺基]-8-羟基喹啉(2)和N-乙基-3-[2-(8-羟基喹啉基)-乙烯基]咔唑(3), 以及它们相应的金属配合物, 产物经质谱(MS)、元素分析(EA)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)进行表征, 并测定了它们的荧光性质. 结果与8-羟基喹啉比较表明, 5位和2位取代8-羟基喹啉衍生物的荧光发生了明显的红移. 同时测定了配合物(3)₂Zn的荧光寿命, 结果表明, N-乙基-3-[2-(8-羟基喹啉基)-乙烯基]咔唑锌配合物表现出较长的荧光寿命.     

大位阻烯烃不对称环氧化合成手性环氧化合物

采用大位阻的有机锂试剂或格氏试剂与卤代烯烃偶联合成了7种大位阻取代烯烃. 以Oxone(KHSO₅)作为氧化剂, 分别在D-果糖衍生酮和(2S,5R)-2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酮为催化剂的催化下, 将合成的7种大位阻取代烯烃转变成了7个大位阻的手性环氧化合物. 其中以D-果糖衍生酮的对映选择性最好, 当双键碳上含有3个取代基时, 对映选择性最高, e.e.值为96.8%~99.5%. (2S, 5R)-2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酮的对映选择性较差, 无论是一取代的烯烃还是三取代的烯烃, 其e.e.值均介于25.6%~34.1%之间.     

氮化硼载体对 Ru-Ba/BN 氨合成催化剂性能的影响

 研究了不同方法合成的氮化硼 (BN) 的性质及其负载的 Ru-Ba 催化剂对氨合成的催化性能. 采用 X 射线粉末衍射、N2 吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对所合成的 BN 样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 采用程序升温氮化和程序升温还原法均能在低于 900 oC 的条件下合成出较纯的六方相 BN, 其比表面积分别达到 103 和 138 m2/g. 其中前者负载 Ru-Ba 的催化剂活性更高, 在 475 oC, 10 MPa 和 10 000 h–1 的条件下出口氨浓度达 7.3%, 且在 550 oC 热处理 30 h 后, 活性基本保持不变.