A proposal for experimental detection of amplitude nth-power squeezing

Recently, in several theoretical investigations, amplitude nth-power squeezing has been studied with n = 2, 3, 4, 5. In the present paper, we give a proposal for experimental detection of amplitude nth-power squeezing using ordinary homodyning with coherent light for arbitrary power n and discuss in detail its theory. The proposed scheme requires only repeated measurements of the factorial moments of number of photons in the light obtained after homodyning, with various shifts of phase of coherent light, and involves no approximations, whatsoever. This has advantage over the method proposed by Shchukin and Vogel [Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 043808] in that our method requires only one beam splitter and only one photodetector, and also lesser number of repetitions of experiment with phase-shifted coherent light.     

Electrical characterization of nylon-6 composite nanofibers

The electrical characteristics of nylon-6 nanofibers incorporated with TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were investigated. The resultant nanofibers exhibited good incorporation of nanoparticles. The impregnated TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into the nylon-6 nanofibers were confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy studies. The electrical conductivity of the nylon-6 incorporated with TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ composite nanofibers were higher than that of the pristine nylon-6 nanofibers. The impregnation of TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles significantly enhanced the electrical property of the composite nanofibers. These polymeric/nanoparticles composite nanofibers structure may open a new direction for future organic electronics.     

Chern–Simons theory with vector fermion matter

We study three-dimensional conformal field theories described by U(N) Chern?CSimons theory at level k coupled to massless fermions in the fundamental representation. By solving a Schwinger?CDyson equation in light-cone gauge, we compute the exact planar free energy of the theory at finite temperature on ?² as a function of the ??t?Hooft coupling ??=N/k. Employing a dimensional reduction regularization scheme, we find that the free energy vanishes at |??|=1; the conformal theory does not exist for |??|>1. We analyze the operator spectrum via the anomalous conservation relation for higher spin currents, and in particular show that the higher spin currents do not develop anomalous dimensions at leading order in 1/N. We present an integral equation whose solution in principle determines all correlators of these currents at leading order in 1/N and present explicit perturbative results for all three-point functions up to two loops. We also discuss a light-cone Hamiltonian formulation of this theory where a W _?? algebra arises. The maximally supersymmetric version of our theory is ABJ model with one gauge group taken to be U(1), demonstrating that a pure higher spin gauge theory arises as a limit of string theory.     

Prospects of detecting baryon and quark superfluidity from cooling neutron stars

Baryon and quark superfluidity in the cooling of neutron stars are investigated. Future observations will allow us to constrain combinations of the neutron or Lambda-hyperon pairing gaps and the star's mass. However, in a hybrid star with a mixed phase of hadrons and quarks, quark gaps larger than a few tenths of an MeV render quark matter virtually invisible for cooling. If the quark gap is smaller, quark superfluidity could be important, but its effects will be nearly impossible to distinguish from those of other baryonic constituents.     

Three-particle interactions in a quark-gluon plasma

We explore the influence of three-particle interactions, in either the initial or final state, on the collision rate in a high temperature plasma, and on the rate of quark and anti-quark pair (flavor) production. When the interactions are taken to be screened at the Debye wave numberq dT, three-particle interactions contribute significantly to the collision rate, but only marginally enhance flavor production over that from two-particle interactions. The magnitudes of the rates are, however, sensitive to the infra-red thresholds, which emphasizes the need for a reliable analysis of this issue. Our results also highlight the importance of treating many-particle processes adequately in the space-time evolution of quarks and gluons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.We thank members of the Theoretical Physics Institute and the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Minnesota for their kind hospitality. Special thanks are due to J.I. Kapusta for stimulating discussions. The stay of P. L. at the University of Minnesota was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DOE/DE-FG02-87ER-40328; travel expenses were borne by the grant MM SR 01/35. Research support for M. P. by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FG02-88ER-40388 is acknowledged. The paper was written in its final form at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, during the research program Strong Interactions at Finite Temperatures. The authors express gratitude for the warm hospitality extended there and acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY89-04035.     

Dye-sensitized solar cells concocted with dyes extracted from fresh and dried leaves of Henna using different solvents

Optical and Quantum Electronics - Nowadays, world is moving from conventional energy sources to non-conventional energy sources like solar energy, wind power, hydropower and those energy sources...     

Properties of Charmonium States in a Phenomenological Approach

We investigate the spectrum and decay rates of charmonium states within the framework of the non relativistic quark model by employing a Coulomb like potential from the perturbative one gluon exchange and the linear confining potential along with the potential derived from instanton vacuum to account for the hyperfine mass splitting of charmonium states in variational approach. We predict radiative E1, M1, two-photon, lepton and two-gluon decay rates of low lying charmonium states. An overall agreement is obtained with the experimental masses and decay widths.We have estimated the branching ratio of two gluons decaying into light hadrons.     

Strangeness in stellar matter

A protoneutron star is formed immediately after the gravitational collapse of the core of a massive star. At birth, the hot and high density matter in such a star contains a large number of neutrinos trapped during collapse. Trapped neutrinos generally inhibit the presence of exotic matter — hyperons, a kaon condensate, or quarks. However, as the neutrinos diffuse out in about 10–15 s, the threshold for the appearance of strangeness is reduced; hence, the composition and the structure of the star can change significantly. The effect of exotic, negatively-charged, strangeness-bearing components is always to soften the equation of state, and the possibility exists that the star collapses to a black hole at this time. This could explain why no neutron star has yet been seen in the remnant of supernova SN1987A, even though one certainly existed when neutrinos were detected on Feb. 23, 1987. With new generation neutrino detectors it is feasible to test different theoretical scenarios observationally.