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21.
A concise and efficient method for the preparation of 6,7-disubstituted-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazines via a palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation is reported. Both conventional and microwave heating were used to perform the reactions, with the latter showing dramatically improved results. 相似文献
22.
The efficient esterification of various sulfonic acids and sulfonates using polymer-bound triazenes based on the triazene T2 linker is described. Esterification of enantiopure alpha-substituted sodium sulfonates was performed in the presence of an alkylating resin without racemization. Racemization is a serious drawback in the esterification route via sulfonyl chlorides because of intermediate sulfene formation. To demonstrate the versatility of this protocol, phosphoric and phosphinic acids have been converted into the corresponding esters as well. All products were obtained in good yield and excellent purities without any further purification steps. 相似文献
23.
Pierre-Anton Aichinger Martin Michel Colin Servais Marie-Lise Dillmann Martine Rouvet Nicola D''Amico Ralf Zink Henning Klostermeyer David S. Horne 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2003,31(1-4):243-255
Fermentation of a reconstituted skim milk concentrate (8% protein) was investigated to elucidate the effects of various fermentation parameters on the structural, rheological and visual (wheying-off) properties of the resulting gels (pH 4.60). Fermentation trials were performed with non-exocellular polysaccharide-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus at various fermentation temperatures and at various chymosin levels. Oscillatory vane rheometry carried out on the intact gels (at 4 °C) showed that the level of chymosin had a significant impact on the gel strength (storage modulus G′). This can be explained by the arrangement of casein micelles into more compact aggregates and the enhanced fusion of aggregated casein micelles as revealed by transmission electron microscopy for the gels fermented with chymosin. Wheying-off of the stirred gels as measured by a centrifugation test (at 4 °C) and pore size of the intact gel structures investigated by scanning electron microscopy both increased with increasing level of chymosin and increasing fermentation temperature (resulting in an increase in acidification rate). A higher level of syneresis (wheying-off) is explained by the larger pore size, since larger pores present a lower resistance to the outflow of whey from the gel. 相似文献
24.
We herein report the efficient and convenient synthesis of 6-substituted-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazines. The reaction is a palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation process followed by deprotection to yield the desired pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine substrates. The reaction starts with readily accessible N-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-methanesulfonamide and commercially available terminal alkynes and works with aryl- and alkylalkynes. 相似文献
25.
Mossin S Weihe H Sørensen HO Lima N Sessoli R 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2004,(4):632-639
The synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the one-dimensional chain compounds [Mn(cyclam)(SO4)]ClO4.H2O (1) and [Mn(cyclam)(HCOO)](CF3SO3)(ClO4) (2) are reported. Cyclam is the cyclic tetradentate ligand 1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane. Both chain compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions within the chains. A magnetic ordering phase transition at 5.5 K in (1) is investigated by magnetisation measurements along the three principal crystallographic axes of a single crystal and the results show unambiguously that the ferromagnetic ordering is only taking place along one crystallographic axis. The spin structure of the magnetic ordered phase and the magnitude of the ferromagnetic moment are correlated with the crystal structure and symmetry of the compound. 相似文献
26.
Nicola M Howarth W.Edward LindsellEuan Murray Peter N Preston 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(44):8089-8092
The adenine, cytosine and thymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers and PNA T10 oligomers bearing either a diacetylenic or stearoyl moiety at the N- or C-terminus have been successfully prepared. The resulting thymine monomeric and T10-mer derivatives have been subsequently incorporated into polydiacetylene-containing liposomes. 相似文献
27.
Angelo Liguori Giovanni Sindona Nicola Uccella 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1983,20(5):1207-1215
Substituted isoxazolidinium salts react with lithium aluminium hydride to yield open-ring products which have hydroxylamine structures. The bimolecular reaction-mechanism has been investigated by substituent effect and the structure of the products ascertained by spectroscopic methods with the aid of the MIKE technique. The overall process of the ring-opening substitution is controlled by the polarisation of the C? N bond with steric and conformational factors acting mainly at the C-5 position of the nucleus. The mechanism of isoxazolidinium ion reaction defines the use of these synthons towards the synthesis of N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamines and substituted 1,3-amino-alcohols. 相似文献
28.
Copper bronze catalyzed Heck reaction in ionic liquids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heck reaction of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides catalyzed by copper bronze in tetrabutylammonium bromide as solvent and tetrabutylammonium acetate as base was developed. The effective catalysts are Cu nanoparticles deriving from the reaction of iodobenzene with copper bronze. These nanoparticles are very stable in tetraalkylammonium salts, are easily recycled, and can be stored for months without a loss of catalytic efficiency. [reaction: see text] 相似文献
29.
A variety of biomolecules and their variants, which have previously been problematic to separate, have been analysed using a novel anion-exchange resin based on a non-porous polystyrene polymeric support with a hydrophilic coating and grafted tentacular quaternary ammonium functional groups. The hydrophilic coating results in minimal interaction between the support and the biomolecule, while the highly flexible tentacular-like anion-exchange groups increase the ionic interaction potential and act as an umbrella to hold the proteins away from the surface. Because of the removal of silanophilic interactions, minimisation of hydrophobic interactions, and the highly flexible nature of the tentacle-like ion exchangers, ionic interactions can therefore dominate the separation. As such this phase is highly suited to the separation of highly charged biomolecules and their variants. This polymeric strong anion-exchange (SAX) support was packed into a fused-silica capillary column and, using a salt concentration gradient, various recombinant proteins were analysed by -HPLC resulting in baseline resolution.Awarded a poster prize on the occasion of the Euranalysis XIII conference, Salamanca, Spain, 5–10 September 2004 相似文献
30.
P. Espeau B. Nicolaï R. Céolin M. -A. Perrin L. Zaske J. Giovannini F. Leveiller 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,90(2):341-342
Investigation into the thermal behavior of orthorhombic Forms I and II of spironolactone, by means of differential scanning
calorimetry and high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction, showed that Form I melts then recrystallizes into Form II at 373–393
K, i.e. in the temperature range within which high resolution X-ray powder diffration showed that Form I transforms into Form II.
Refinements of the lattice parameters of the two forms indicated that Form I is denser than Form II in the range from 298
K up to the temperature at which it melts. 相似文献