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71.
Characterization of the epitaxial defect known as the carrot defect was performed in thick 4H-SiC epilayers. A large number of carrot defects have been studied using different experimental techniques such as Nomarski optical microscopy, KOH etching, cathodoluminescence and synchrotron white beam X-ray topography. This has revealed that carrot defects appear in many different shapes and structures in the epilayers. Our results support the previous assignment of the carrot defect as related to a prismatic stacking fault. However, we have observed carrot defects with and without a visible threading dislocation related etch pit in the head region, after KOH etching. Polishing of epilayers in a few μm steps in combination with etching in molten KOH and imaging using Nomarski optical microscope has been used to find the geometry and origin of the carrot defects in different epilayers. The defects were found to originate both at the epi-substrate interface and during the epitaxial growth. Different sources of the carrot defect have been observed at the epi-substrate interface, which result in different structures and surfaces appearance of the defect in the epilayer. Furthermore, termination of the carrot defect inside the epilayer and the influence of substrate surface damage and growth conditions on the density of carrot defects are studied. 相似文献
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Jonas Strh Laura Ruiz Arana Philipp Polzin Irma Vania Eliani Patric Lindenberg Niclas Heidenreich Csar dos Santos Cunha Sebastian Leubner Huayna Terraschke 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2019,645(5):537-543
Despite the strong technological importance of lanthanide complexes, their formation processes are rarely investigated. This work is dedicated to determining the influence of synthesis parameters on the formation of [Ce(bipy)2(NO3)3] as well as Ce3+‐ and Tb3+‐substituted [La(bipy)2(NO3)3] (bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) complexes. To this end, we performed in situ luminescence measurements, synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and measured pH value and/or ion conductivity during their synthesis process under real reaction conditions. For the [Ce(bipy)2(NO3)3] complex, the in situ luminescence measurements initially presented a broad emission band at 490 nm, assigned to the 5d→4f Ce3+ ions within the ethanolic solvation shell. Upon the addition of bipy, a red shift to 700 nm was observed. This shift was attributed to the changes in the environment of the Ce3+ ions, indicating their desolvation and incorporation into the [Ce(bipy)2(NO3)3] complex. The induction time was reduced from 8 to 3.5 min, by increasing the reactant concentration by threefold. In contrast, [La(bipy)2(NO3)3] crystallized within days instead of minutes, unless influenced by high Ce3+ and Tb3+ concentrations. Monitoring and controlling the influence of the reaction parameters on the structure of emissive complexes is important for the development of rational synthesis approaches and optimization of their structure‐related properties like luminescence. 相似文献
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Taw FL Mueller AH Bergman RG Brookhart M 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(32):9808-9813
Cationic Rh(III) complex [Cp(PMe(3))Rh(SiPh(3))(CH(2)Cl(2))]BAr(4)' (1) activates the carbon-carbon bond of aryl and alkyl cyanides (R-CN, where R = Ph, (4-(CF(3))C(6)H(4)), (4-(OMe)C(6)H(4)), Me, (i)Pr, (t)Bu) to produce complexes of the general formula [Cp*(PMe(3))Rh(R)(CNSiPh(3))]BAr(4)'. With the exception of the (t)BuCN case, every reaction proceeds at room temperature (t(1/2) < 1 h for aryl cyanides, t(1/2) < 14 h for alkyl cyanides). A general mechanism is presented on the basis of (1) an X-ray crystal structure determination of an intermediate isolated from the reaction involving 4-methoxybenzonitrile and (2) kinetic studies performed on the C-C bond cleavage of para-substituted aryl cyanides. Initial formation of an eta(1)-nitrile species is observed, followed by conversion to an eta(2)-iminoacyl intermediate, which was observed to undergo migration of R (aryl or alkyl) to rhodium to form the product [Cp*(PMe(3))Rh(R)(CNSiPh(3))]BAr(4)'. 相似文献
77.
The rapid synthesis of 4-aryl-2,2'-bipyridines is described leading to some previously reported compounds in good yields in addition to some new functionalized bipyridines. 相似文献
78.
Several highly activated 2,3′-biindolyls were prepared from methyl 5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylate and oxindoles. The 2,3′-biindolyls were further transformed into a hydroxy indolo[3,2-a]carbazole and a bisindole amide. 相似文献
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Rybak BM Ornatska M Bergman KN Genson KL Tsukruk VV 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(3):1027-1037
Nanofibrillar micellar structures formed by the amphiphilic hyperbranched molecules within a Langmuir monolayer were utilized as matter for silver nanoparticle formation from the ion-containing water subphase. We observed that silver nanoparticles were formed within the multifunctional amphiphilic hyperbranched molecules. The diameter of nanoparticles varied from 2-4 nm and was controlled by the core dimensions and the interfibrillar free surface area. Furthermore, upon addition of potassium nitrate to the subphase, the Langmuir monolayer templated the nanoparticles' formation along the nanofibrillar structures. The suggested mechanism of nanoparticle formation involves the oxidation of primary amino groups by silver catalysis facilitated by "caging" of silver ions within surface areas dominated by multibranched cores. This system provides an example of a one-step process in which hyperbranched molecules with outer alkyl tails and compressed amine-hydroxyl cores mediated the formation of stable nanoparticles placed along/among/beneath the nanofibrillar micelles. 相似文献