Achieving ‘Desirable and Feasible’ Change: An Application of Soft Systems Methodology

Rational intervention in human affairs, if it is to constitute not only action but also research, so that future interventions may be made more effective, needs a well-defined methodological framework. Soft systems methodology (S.S.M.) provides one such framework. S.S.M. is doubly systemic: it is itself a learning system, and within that system it uses systems models, models of human activity systems. It accepts that such models are not models of parts of the real world, only models of ways of perceiving the real world, that is to say, models relevant to debate about ‘reality’ (one man's ‘terrorism’ is another's ‘freedom fighting’).S.S.M. is here illustrated by means of an account of a systems study of change in the information function of a sophisticated science-based company. The study is described from the point of view of a professional analyst who was helping a team of three managers carry out the study. The course of the study is described, and a separate commentary relates its activity to the seven stages of S.S.M. The study involved three cycles round stages 2–3–4–5 of S.S.M., the stages in which models of relevant human activity systems are built and compared with the real world in order to construct a rich debate about changes whose introduction in the problem situation world be both (systemically) desirable and (culturally) feasible.     

Rh／SiO_2上H_2的化学吸附

Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ_２上Ｈ_２的化学吸附陈耀强，龚茂初，明虹，周建略，杜宗英，祝小红，陈豫（四川大学化学系，成都，６１００６４）关键词Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂，Ｈ_２化学吸附，ＩＲＨ２在Ｒｈ上的化学吸附被认为是解离化学吸附［１］．而Ｒｈ－Ｈ的红外振动谱带是Ｈ２在...     

Influence of shell strength on shape transformation of micron-sized,monodisperse, hollow polymer particles

Micron-sized, monodisperse, non-spherical polymer particles with "rugby ball" and "red blood corpuscle"-like shapes were produced by seeded polymerization of the dispersion of (divinylbenzene/vinylbiphenyl/xylene)-swollen polystyrene particles prepared by utilizing the dynamic swelling method which the authors proposed in 1991. Their non-spherical shapes were based on buckling of the shell of the resultant hollow particles. In this article, the reversible shape transformation of the hollow composite polymer particle between spherical and such non-spherical shapes was studied in detail by controlling the shell strength. A part of the shell was buckled by external pressure which was caused by evaporation of xylene from the hollow when the shell had the tensile modulus below the critical value calculated from the pressure-buckling relationship of a spherical shell proposed by Uemura. The plasticization of the shell by a good solvent was one of key factors for the shape transformation.     

透射电镜薄样品倾转过程中的附加旋转及其计算

模拟透射电镜双倾台进行样品位向调整过程,推导出反映样品倾转前后其合成倾转轴(即共有菊池线对的法线)方向变化规律的计算公式,称为附加旋转角计算公式。指出,实现样品位向调整的双倾操作,等效于样品绕其合成倾转轴的倾转及该倾转轴绕Z轴(平行入射束方向)的旋转之和。利用双倾台对薄膜样品进行的系列倾转实验表明,由附加旋转角公式计算的附加旋转角和实测值相一致。还根据双倾操作过程导出了合成倾转角的计算公式,它可用于判断样品位向调整的准确度。     

X-ray investigation of the role of the mixed emulsifier in the structure formation in o/w creams

The aim of this research work was to clarify the role of the mixed emulsifier in the structure formation and water binding mode in the case of o/w creams prepared with different surfactants. The swelling behavior of mixed emulsifiers was examined by means of direct investigation methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. The detailed structure image of the creams was created with the help of the latter. The influence of the structure of the hydrophilic gel phase, and the structural changes during storage were studied with rheological methods. On the basis of the results, it can be stated that the investigated creams had different structures from those mentioned in the literature: surfactant did not create a mixed bilayer with the structure to furnish fatty amphiphile; instead, micelles were formed. These results correlated well with the results of the rheological tests.     

Synthesis of oxychelerythrine using lithiated toluamide-benzonitrile cycloaddition

Oxychelerythrine, benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, was synthesized from easily available starting toluamide 5 and benzonitrile 6 using toluamide-benzonitrile cycloaddition reaction in 6 steps.     

阿奇霉素片及胶囊剂溶出度考察

采用硫酸显色法对两家药厂生产的阿奇霉素片及胶囊剂进行了溶出度考察。结果表明，阿奇霉素在10－100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好，平均 回收率为99．83％（n=6)。阿奇霉素片及胶囊剂在45min时的溶出量均不低于标示量的80％。而两厂产品体外溶出度结果均达到要求。     

Fe(Ⅲ)与两种4-羟基吡啶二酸形成的配合物的合成与晶体结构

0 引言 最近,我们对2,6-吡啶二酸的衍生物4-羟基-2,6-吡啶二酸(2,6-HAD)的配合物进行了一系列的研究,结果发现2,6-HAD是一个优良的刚性配体,其配位方式种类繁多,特别是配体上的4位羟基,既具有较强的配位能力[1],又可以形成分子间氢键[2,3],影响和控制配合物的超分子结构,4-羟基-2,6-吡啶二酸不仅能与过渡金属、镧系金属离子分别形成稳定的配合物[1-3],而且能同时与稀土和过渡金属形成具有纳米孔穴的混金属配合物,这些配合物在磁性、光学等方面都显示出优异的性能[4].     

Studies on fluorenscence resonance energy transfer between CdS nanoparticles and DOCAI dyes

The water-soluble CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous solution. A novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system with CdS nanoparticles as energy donors and 3,30-diethyl-oxadicarbocyanine iodide (DOCAI) dyes as energy accepter has been developed.     

FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic study of hydrated rubidium (cesium) borates and alkali double borates

FT-IR and Raman spectra of five hydrated alkali borates and five hydrated alkali double borates have been recorded at room temperature in the range 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹, and analyzed. Fundamental vibrational modes have been identified and assignments tentatively made in comparison with the work of Janda and Heller, and Li Jun. The text was submitted by the authors in English.