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981.
Yu -Qi Li Xiao -Ming Xu Hui -Jun Ge 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2011,47(5):65
We divide the cross-section for a meson-meson reaction into three parts. The first part is for the quark-interchange process,
the second for quark-antiquark annihilation processes and the third for resonant processes. Master rate equations are established
to yield time dependence of fugacities of pions, rhos, kaons and vector kaons. The equations include cross-sections for inelastic
scattering of pions, rhos, kaons and vector kaons. Cross-sections for quark-interchange-induced reactions, that were obtained
in a potential model, are parametrized for convenient use. The number densities of π and ρ (K and K
* are altered by quark-interchange processes in equal magnitudes but opposite signs. The master rate equations combined with
the hydrodynamic equations for longitudinal and transverse expansion are solved with many sets of initial meson fugacities.
Quark-interchange processes are shown to be important in the contribution of the inelastic meson-meson scattering to the evolution
of mesonic matter. 相似文献
982.
Anatoly F. Nastoyashchiy 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2011,32(3):238-246
We propose a simple target in the form of a miniature torus, in which the heavy shell is used to confine the plasma spread,
for a solution of the laser-fusion problem. We achieve a significant decrease of heat losses using an external magnetic field
and/or as a result of a self-sustaining magnetic field that is generated in the plasma. We formulate the conditions and determine
the energy of the laser pulse (or of a beam of fast charged particles) required to ignite a thermonuclear DD reaction and
obtain a positive energy yield. We show that the stopping range of α-particles does not exceed the small radius of the torus
within a broad range of the plasma and magnetic-field parameters. 相似文献
983.
Andrew K. Johnson Jozef Kaczor Hongmei Han Maninder Kaur Guoxin Tian Linfeng Rao You Qiang Andrzej J. Paszczynski 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(10):4881-4895
The creation of multifunctional nanomaterials by combining organic and inorganic components is a growing trend in nanoscience. The unique size-dependent properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) make them amenable to numerous applications such as carriers of expensive biological catalysts, in magnetically assisted chemical separation of heavy metals and radionuclides from contaminated water sources. The separation of minor actinides from high-level radionuclide waste requires a sorbent stable in acidic pH, with ease of surface functionalization, and a high capacity for binding the molecules of interest. For the described experiments, the MNPs with 50 nm average size were used (size distribution from 20 to 100 nm and an iron content of 80–90 w/w%). The MNPs that have been double coated with an initial silica coating for protection against iron solubilization and oxidation in nitric acid solution (pH 1) and a second silica/polymer composite coating incorporating partially imbedded poly(allylamine) (PA). The final product is magnetic, highly swelling, containing >95% water, with >0.5 mmol amines g?1 available for functionalization. The amine groups of the magnetic resin were functionalized with the chelating molecules diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and N,N-dimethyl-3-oxa-glutaramic acid (DMOGA) for separation of minor actinides from used nuclear fuel. 相似文献
984.
985.
986.
We explain the (non-)validity of close-to-equilibrium entropy production principles in the context of linear electrical circuits.
Both the minimum and the maximum entropy production principles are understood within dynamical fluctuation theory. The starting
point are Langevin equations obtained by combining Kirchoff’s laws with a Johnson-Nyquist noise at each dissipative element
in the circuit. The main observation is that the fluctuation functional for time averages, that can be read off from the path-space
action, is in first order around equilibrium given by an entropy production rate.
That allows to understand beyond the schemes of irreversible thermodynamics (1) the validity of the least dissipation, the
minimum entropy production, and the maximum entropy production principles close to equilibrium; (2) the role of the observables’
parity under time-reversal and, in particular, the origin of Landauer’s counterexample (1975) from the fact that the fluctuating
observable there is odd under time-reversal; (3) the critical remark of Jaynes (1980) concerning the apparent inappropriateness
of entropy production principles in temperature-inhomogeneous circuits. 相似文献
987.
YU XueCai HUANG Xue & YE YuTang School of Opto-Electrical Information University of Electronic Science Technology of China Chengdu China 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):177-184
Critical temperature and condensate fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation in the optical lattice are studied. The results show that the critical temperature in optical lattices can be characterized with an equivalent critical temperature in a single lattice, which provide a fast evaluation of critical temperature and condensate fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation confined with pure optical trap. Critical temperature can be estimated with an equivalent critical temperature. It is predicted that critical temperature is proportional to q in q number lattices for superfluid state and should be equal to that in a single lattic for Mott insulate state. Required potential depth or Rabi frequency and maximum atom number in the lattices both for superfluid state and Mott state are presented based on views of thermal mechanical statistics. 相似文献
988.
AN WeiGuang ZHAO WeiTao & AN Hai Department of Aerospace Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China College of Aeronautics Astronautics Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Shenyang China 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):357-369
Multi-failures are possible to appear in the process of using the structural system, such as dead load failure, fatigue failure and stiffness failure. The expression of residual resistance is given based on the impact of random crack propagation in- duced by the fatigue load on the critical limit stress and section modulus in this paper. The failure modes of every element of the structural system are analyzed under dead and fatigue loads, and the influence of the correlation of failure modes on reliability of the element is considered. Failure mechanism and the correlation of failure modes under dead and fatigue loads are discussed, and the method of reli- ability analysis considering static strength, fatigue and stiffness is given. A nu- merical example is analyzed, which indicates that the failure probability is different for different use life and the influence of dead and fatigue loads on reliability of the structural system is different as well. This method of reliability analysis, in the pa- per, is better than the method only considering a single factor (or static strength, or fatigue, or stiffness, etc.) in the case of practical engineering. 相似文献
989.
Rajat Kumar Singh Rajiv Srivastava Yatindra Nath Singh 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2007,39(14):1153-1165
Optical packet switching provides high speed, data rate/format transparency, efficient use of bandwidth and flexibility. The
major problem in the implementation of “all-optical” switching is contention which occurs when two or more packets arrive
at the same time for the same destination. To resolve the contention, we have proposed an optical packet switch architecture
based on WDM loop buffer memory in the feedback configuration. In that architecture, the contending packets are stored in
a loop buffer module, and routed in the free time slots. The buffering duration in the recirculating loop is limited by a
circulation limit. The analysis was been done to obtain the maximum number of allowed circulations. This paper proposes improved
version of that optical packet switch architecture, to increase the number of maximum allowed circulations. The modification
is done either by adding an extra erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in the original switch or by replacing the core space
switch with arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The performance analysis has been done by the simulations. 相似文献
990.
David Ruelle 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2007,270(1):233-265
We analyze the dynamics of a simple but nontrivial classical Hamiltonian system of infinitely many coupled rotators. We assume
that this infinite system is driven out of thermal equilibrium either because energy is injected by an external force (Case
I), or because heat flows between two thermostats at different temperatures (Case II). We discuss several possible definitions
of the entropy production associated with a finite or infinite region, or with a partition of the system into a finite number
of pieces. We show that these definitions satisfy the expected bounds in terms of thermostat temperatures and energy flow. 相似文献