Quantum Spin Half Algebra and Generalized Megrelishvili Protocol for Confidentiality of Digital Images

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - Most of the enciphering structures are based on the transformation of mediums by describing the strict criteria. The presented article is based on...     

Linear and nonlinear fluctuations of electron-temperature-gradient driven mode and electron acoustic mode in a two-electron temperature nonthermal magnetized plasma

Nonlinear vortical structures and soliton formation are investigated for electron temperature gradient instability in a two-electron temperature non-Maxwellian magnetoplasma. The inhomogeneity in magnetic field is also considered. A new set of nonlinear equations, using transport equations of Braginskii”s model, are formulated to study the nonlinear structures. A modified linear dispersion relation of coupled electron temperature gradient (ETG) mode and electron acoustic wave is derived. The ETG instability is found to increase with increase in η_ec value that increases with sharp density gradients. The results are applied to auroral region of earth's magnetosphere and the calculated values of the nonlinear electric field of fast solitary waves are found to be in agreement with the Viking satellite observations.     

Elemental Analysis of Stone Fruits by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Direct Mercury Analysis

This study reports the concentrations of eight trace essential (Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, V, and Se) and four toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) in commonly consumed stone fruits from South Korea. The samples were digested by microwave-induced combustion and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of mercury were analyzed by direct mercury analysis (DMA). The analytical techniques were validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, recovery, and for accuracy by analyzing a spinach leave-certified reference material; satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. The concentrations of essential trace elements varied considerably among the stone fruits. Generally stone fruits contained comparatively high concentrations of Zn (0.946 to 7.86?µg/g) and Mn (below the limit of detection to 1.66?µg/g), while lower contents of Cu (0.214 to 1.24?µg/g), Cr (0.032 to 0.114?µg/g), Ni (0.006 to 0.091?µg/g), Co (0.004 to 0.016?µg/g), V (below the limit of detection to 0.023?µg/g), and Se (0.0002 to 0.005?µg/g) were obtained. The concentrations (µg/g) of toxic metals were 0.007 (peach) to 0.016 (cherry) for Pb, 0.001 (plum) to 0.007 (cherry) for As, 0.002 (apricot and cherry) to 0.003 (peach) for Cd, and 0.0003 (peach) to 0.0016 (jujube) for Hg. The values for the estimated dietary intakes, target hazard quotients, and hazard indices were lower than the recommended safety limits by World Health Organization. Therefore, the analyzed stone fruits were deemed to be safe for human consumption.     

Solvent- and metal-free selective oxidation of thiols to disulfides using I2/DMSO catalytic system

We describe herein a simple, fast and inexpensive protocol for the oxidative coupling of thiols employing a stoichiometric amount of DMSO and iodine as the catalyst. Various aromatic disulfides were obtained in good to excellent yields in short reaction times at room temperature, while aliphatic disulfides were achieved in good yields when the reactions were conducted under microwave irradiation.     

Influence of gamma radiation on the colour strength and fastness properties of fabric using turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as natural dye

The effect of gamma radiation on the dyeing of cotton with extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder has been investigated. Cotton fabric and turmeric powder were irradiated to absorbed doses of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH and mordant concentration were optimized. Dyeing was performed using un-irradiated and irradiated cotton with the extracts of un-irradiated and irradiated turmeric powder in order to investigate the effect of radiation treatment on the colour strength of dyed fabric. The reported data of un-irradiated and irradiated fabrics dyed with un-irradiated and irradiated dyes were obtained using the spectraflash SF-650. The colourfastness to light, rubbing- and washing-fastness properties showed that gamma irradiation has improved the dyeing characteristics from fair to good.     

Software utilities for the interpretation of mass spectrometric data of glycoconjugates: application to glycosphingolipids of human serum

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major components of the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. These lipids are involved in many cell surface events and show disease‐related expression changes. GSLs could thus serve as useful targets for biomarker discovery. The GSL structure is characterized by two entities: a hydrophilic glycan and a hydrophobic ceramide moiety. Both components exhibit numerous structural variations, the combination of which results in a large diversity of GSL structures that can potentially exist. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for high‐throughput analysis of GSL expression analysis and structural elucidation. Yet, the assignment of GSL structures using MS data is tedious and demands highly specialized expertise. SysBioWare, a software platform developed for MS data evaluation in glycomics, was here applied for the MS analysis of human serum GSLs. The program was tuned to provide automated compositional assignment, supporting a variety of glycan and ceramide structures. Upon in silico fragmentation, the masses of predicted ions arising from cleavages in the glycan as well as the ceramide moiety were calculated, thus enabling structural characterization of both entities. Validation of proposed structures was achieved by matching in silico calculated fragment ions with those of experimental MS/MS data. These results indicate that SysBioWare can facilitate data interpretation and, furthermore, help the user to deal with large sets of data by supporting management of MS and non‐MS data. SysBioWare has the potential to be a powerful tool for high‐throughput glycosphingolipidomics in clinical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Optimal Diversification Network Model with Fixed-Solution Universe Subsets

This paper develops a generalized dynamic network model for portfolio investment diversification. The model considers the situation of the fixed solution subset corresponding to a fixed single-resource economic investment such as that found in many oil-producing nations. Quadratic side constraints on the variance of the resultant flow distribution are added to the model to accommodate uncertainty. The model has been tested using a prototype example. The results indicate that the risk associated with a single-resource investment can be reduced by determining optimal investment weights.     

Bacilli as Biological Nano-factories Intended for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Human Welfare

The search of eco-friendly technologies for nano-synthesis is significant to expand their applications in human welfare. Nowadays, various inorganic nanoparticles with beneficial features have been synthesized via physical, chemical, and biological means. Significant biological applications of silver nanoparticles include on-infectious microbes, target drug delivery, cancer and vector-borne disease control. Their syntheses have been tested from plant fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The bacterial mediated synthesis of silver, gold, zinc and other metal leads to a milestone in nano-medicines. Thus, in this review, we focus on the contribution of Bacilli in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the mechanism of action and their potential application in the welfare of human beings.