Homodyne Statistics of a Vector in a Deformed Hilbert Space

In this paper we study homodyne statistics of some vectors on a deformed Hilbert space.     

First-Principles Theory of Muon and Muonium Trapping in the Protein Chain of Cytochrome c and Associated Hyperfine Interactions

The microscopic details of the electron transfer in cytochrome c (cyt c) are being investigated by the Muon Spin Relaxation (μSR) technique. We are using the Hartree–Fock Cluster Procedure to determine the most likely trapping sites for μ⁺ and muonium (Mu) in the protein chain, and have performed extensive calculations in single amino acid molecules of the protein chain of cyt c. The double-bonded oxygen atom of the carboxyl group was identified as the trapping site for both μ⁺ and Mu. Utilizing the wave functions we obtained from the Hartree–Fock calculations, we have determined the hyperfine field that the μ⁺ in Mu experiences while the latter is trapped at the oxygen. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of Easy Axis in a Chemical Ferromagnet, 4-(p-Chlorobenzylideneamino)–TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-Oxyl)

The trapping sites for muon and muonium in ferromagnetic p-Cl–Ph–CH=N–TEMPO [(4-(p-chlorobenzylideneamino)–TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yloxyl)] and the hyperfine interaction tensors for these sites are obtained using first-principles Unrestricted Hartree–Fock theory. The calculated hyperfine interactions are used to compare the calculated zero field muon spin rotation (μSR) frequencies for different choices for the easy axis and the observed frequency. It has been concluded that the two trapping centers that can best explain the observed μSR frequency are a trapped singlet muonium near the radical oxygen and a trapped muon site near the chlorine. The direction of the easy axis also is determined to be the b-axis of the monoclinic lattice. This direction for the easy axis is confirmed by determining the direction of the distributed magnetization in the molecular solid which leads to a minimum dipole–dipole interaction energy. The consequences of this agreement for the easy axis direction by two independent procedures are discussed. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interaction between three moving Griffith cracks at the interface of two dissimilar elastic media

The paper deals with the interaction between three Griffith cracks propagating under antiplane shear stress at the interface of two dissimilar infinite elastic half-spaces. The Fourier transform technique is used to reduce the elastodynamic problem to the solution of a set of integral equations which has been solved by using the finite Hilbert transform technique and Cooke’s result. The analytical expressions for the stress intensity factors at the crack tips are obtained. Numerical values of the interaction effect have been computed for and results show that interaction effects are either shielding or amplification depending on the location of each crack with respect to other and crack tip spacing.     

Quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1-oxime by column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

Liquid chromatography was used for the quantification of aflatoxin B1-oxime (AFB1-oxime). The yield of AFB1-oxime in the reaction mixture was 89%, while after purification on silica gel it was 72%. LC analysis of the reaction mixture after silica gel fractionation revealed a retention time of 0.84 min for AFB1-oxime, 8.42 min for AFB1, 1.21 min for unknown 1 and 1.61 min for unknown 2. UV-visible analysis of the reaction mixture after silica gel fractionation showed a lambda(max) of 269 and 361 nm for AFB1-oxime, 263 and 360 nm for AFB1, 273 nm for unknown 1 and 275 nm for unknown 2. Excitation and emission wavelengths were found to be 269 and 368/438 nm for AFB1-oxime, 359/424 nm for AFB1, 270 and 367/450 nm for unknown 1 and 273 and 416/447 nm for unknown 2. The method may find versatile application in monitoring reactions for the preparation of oximes of various analytes for the synthesis of their immunogens.     

Growth and characterization of borono phenylalanine

Borono phenylalanine abbreviated as BPA is a biologically important compound which is obtained from L‐Phenylalanine (C₉H₁₁NO₂) in which a boron atom is bonded. BPA is an amino acid analogue, helpful in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, a highly malignant form of brain tumor is crystallized in silica gel under pH 6.0 by single diffusion method in a period of 30 minutes. The grown crystals were characterized by x‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and visible ultraviolet spectroscopy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Experimental studies on the effect of tube inclination on nucleate pool boiling

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of tube inclination on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer for different tube diameters and surface roughness values. The results show that as the tube is tilted from the vertical to the horizontal, the temperatures at the top and bottom (with respect to circumference) increase and decrease, respectively. The increase and decrease is such that they almost compensate for each other, resulting in very little variation of the average heat transfer coefficient with tube inclination. The increase in bubble sliding length at the bottom wall and decrease in bubble sliding length at the top wall are thought to be the reasons for this behaviour. Experiments have been conducted with water, ethanol and acetone at atmospheric pressure, to confirm similar effects of inclination irrespective of fluid property.     

Conjugate heat transfer study of incompressible turbulent offset jet flows

In the present case, the conjugate heat transfer involving a turbulent plane offset jet is considered. The bottom wall of the solid block is maintained at an isothermal temperature higher than the jet inlet temperature. The parameters considered are the offset ratio (OR), the conductivity ratio (K), the solid slab thickness (S) and the Prandtl number (Pr). The Reynolds number considered is 15,000 because the flow becomes fully turbulent and then it becomes independent of the Reynolds number. The ranges of parameters considered are: OR = 3, 7 and 11, K = 1–1,000, S = 1–10 and Pr = 0.01–100. High Reynolds number two-equation model (k–ε) has been used for turbulence modeling. Results for the solid–fluid interface temperature, local Nusselt number, local heat flux, average Nusselt number and average heat transfer have been presented and discussed.