Formation of Se0 Nanoparticles in an Aqueous Cationic Polyelectrolyte

The nanostructures formed by reduction of Se(IV) in the selenite-ascorbate redox system in an aqueous solution of supermacromolecular polycation, poly[trimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium] methyl sulfate, were studied by static and dynamic optical scattering and flow birefringence.     

Formation of m- and p-xylenes during dehydrocyclization of n-octane on chromium oxide catalysts

Conclusions In the dehydrocyclization of n-octane the m- and p-xylenes are formed as a result of the isomerization of the carbon skeleton of the aliphatic intermediate products of the reaction, namely the octadienes and octatrienes.Deceased.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1675–1676, July, 1973.     

New Catalytic Synthesis of Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorosulfites

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Ionization and Tautomerism of Hydroxyxanthenes and Some Other Dyes in Ethanol

Protolytic equilibria of hydroxyxanthene dyes, Fluorescein, Eosin, as well as of some relatedcompounds, in ethanol were studied by spectrophotometry. Stepwise ionization and tautomeric equilibriumconstants were determined.     

The Claisen-Schmidt reaction with heterocyclic analogs of o-hydroxyacetphenone

Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 4-hydroxy-3-acetyl-6-methylpyrid-2-one, and its N-methyl and N-phenyl derivatives with aromatic aldehydes is investigated, and it is shown that the products of this reaction are 3-cinnamoyl and not 6-styryl derivatives.     

S=N versus S+-N-: an experimental and theoretical charge density study

To elucidate the bonding situation in the widely discussed hypervalent sulfur nitrogen species, the charge density distributions rho(r) and related properties of four representative compounds, methyl(diimido)sulfinic acid H(NtBu)(2)SMe (1), methylene-bis(triimido)sulfonic acid H(2)C[S(NtBu)(2) (NHtBu)](2) (2), sulfurdiimide S(NtBu)(2) (3), and sulfurtriimide S(NtBu)(3) (4), were determined experimentally by high-resolution low-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments (T = 100 K). This set of molecules represents an ideal frame of reference for the comparison of SN bonding modes, because they contain short formal S=N double bonds as well as long S-N single bonds, some of them influenced by inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonds. For comparison, the gas-phase ab initio calculations of the four model compounds, H(NMe)(2)SMe, H(2)C[S(NMe)(2)(NHMe)](2), S(NMe)(2), and S(NMe)(3), were performed. The topological features were found to be not particularly sensitive with respect to different substituents R (R = H, Me, tBu). In this paper, it is documented that theory and experiment differ in the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix because of systematically differing positions of the bond critical points but agree very well concerning the spatial Laplacian distribution and the distinct polarization of all investigated sulfur-nitrogen bonds. Both recommend the S(+)-N(-) formulation of sulfur nitrogen bonds in 1 and 2 since all nitrogen atoms are found to be sp(3) hybridized. The planar SNx (x = 2, 3) units in the diimide 3 and the triimide 4 reveal characteristics of m-center-n-electron systems. For none of the investigated S-N bonds, a classical double bond formulation can be supported. This is further substantiated by the NBO/NRT approach. Valence expansion to more than eight electrons at the sulfur atom can definitely be excluded to explain the bonding.     

Diffusion Boundary Layers in Transport of Aliphatic Acids in Electromembrane Systems

The regularities of the formation of diffusion boundary layers during the transport of aliphatic acids in electromembrane systems are studied and their characteristics obtained experimentally are analyzed. It is shown that their concentration profiles in solutions of the electrodialyzer sections are asymmetric near membranes of different polarity. Experimental values of diffusion layer thicknesses are compared with those following from the known theoretical relations. The equation, which is proposed for the surface concentration, permits the prediction of the operation mode of apparatus during electrodialysis of solutions of aliphatic acids and other weak electrolytes. Specific features characterizing the emergence of a limiting state and the character of the distribution of limiting current densities over the height of the membrane channel are revealed.