Sulfur‐containing derivatives of 1,4‐naphthoquinone,part 1: Disulfide synthesis

Disulfides of 1,4‐naphthoquinone were synthesized, and different methods of their synthesis were investigated. High yields and purity of disulfides were obtained from the oxidation of thiol derivatives. The latter were prepared in high yields and purity from isothiuronic salts. The obtained disulfides are syntho‐ nes for compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:205–211, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20112     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in the human phosphatase PTPrj gene using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Data derived from analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being applied in many diverse fields, from medical studies of disease mechanisms and individual drug response, to population genetics for tracking migration and mixing of ancestral groups and also in forensic science for the identification of human remains and identification of individuals from bodily samples. All these applications have in common the need to generate data for multiple loci from large numbers of samples. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is a promising platform for the generation of such data and we present a simple, flexible and robust technique for SNP determination. We demonstrate these features by typing two SNPs (Q276P and R326Q) in the human phosphatase gene PTPrj, which has been implicated in the aetiology of colon, lung, breast and thyroid cancers. A nucleotide depletion primer extension assay using no commercial kits or dideoxyNTPs was used to genotype a panel of DNAs derived from thyroid cancer patients and normal volunteers. The results obtained were in perfect agreement with those generated via restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. No significant association was noted between possession of either allelic variant and a disease state, but the technique was validated as simple, flexible and appropriate for application in this context. Furthermore, it was highly cost-effective and required minimal optimisation, rendering it ideal for this type of pilot study.     

Triangulenes: From Precursor Design to On‐Surface Synthesis and Characterization

Triangulene and its higher homologues are a class of zigzag‐edged triangular graphene molecules (ZTGMs) with high‐spin ground states. These open‐shell molecules are predicted to host ferromagnetically coupled edge states with net spin values scaling with molecular size and are therefore considered promising candidates for future molecular spintronics applications. Unfortunately, the synthesis of unsubstituted [n]triangulenes and the direct observation of their edge states have been a long‐standing challenge due to a high reactivity towards oxygen. However, recent advances in precursor design enabled the on‐surface synthesis and characterization of unsubstituted [3]‐, [4]‐, and [5]triangulene. In this Minireview, we will highlight key aspects of this rapidly developing field, ranging from the principles of precursor design to synthetic strategies and characterization of a homologous series of triangulene molecules synthesized on‐surface. We will also discuss challenges and future directions.     

Electrochemiluminescent detection of labile radical intermediates of electrochemical reactions

The article considers the basic principles of electrochemiluminescent spin traps diagnostic method which consists of efficient trapping of intermediate labile radical products (free radicals of complex organic molecules) by electrogenerated radical ions of electrochemiluminescers in different liquid-phase systems including bioobjects. The method permits qualitative and quantitative identification of such particles by measurement of electrolysis radical recombination luminescence (electrogenerated chemiluminescence) intensity which is emitted by electrolyzed solutions of organic electrochemiluminescers. The unique possibilities of the method are illustrated on examples of experimental study of systems with sodium tetraphenylborate and chloride ion.     

On a nonclassical fractional boundary-value problem for the Laplace operator

In this paper we consider a boundary-value problem for the Poisson equation with a boundary condition comprising the fractional derivative in time and the right-hand sides dependent on time. We prove the one-valued solvability of this problem, and provide the coercive estimates of the solution.