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31.
Mustapha Raihane Valter Castelvetro Sabrina Bianchi Salima Atlas Bruno Ameduri 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(21):4900-4908
A novel copolymer of vinylidene cyanide (VCN) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (MATRIF) was synthesized by bulk free radical process in a 52% yield from an equimolar comonomer feed. The copolymer's composition and microstructure were analyzed by FTIR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, SEC, and elemental analysis. The reactivity ratios calculated from both the Q‐e Alfrey‐Price parameters and the Jenkins' Patterns Scheme indicate a tendency to alternation in the copolymerization, the latter method suggesting that MATRIF homopropagation be slightly favoured (rV = r12 = 0.1, rM = r21 = 0.3). The molar incorporation of VCN in the copolymer was only 42 mol % according to the 9.0 wt % nitrogen content determined by elemental analysis, in good agreement with the value obtained by 1H‐NMR. High‐resolution 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra were used to study the microstructure of the copolymer. As an example, the three well‐resolved carbonyl resonances in the 13C‐NMR spectrum were assigned to the MATRIF‐centered triads VMV, VMM, and MMM, respectively, (V and M stand for VCN and MATRIF, respectively). The presence of VCN dyads (e.g., in VVM and VVV sequences) was shown to be marginal or absent altogether. Thermogravimetric analysis of poly(VCN‐co‐MATRIF) copolymer showed good thermal stability, and its main pyrolytic degradation taking place only above 368 °C. A 4% weight loss at about 222 °C suggested the presence of a few VCN homodyads, possibly inducing thermal depolymerization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
32.
Béchir Rezgui Abel Sibai Tetyana Nychyporuk Mustapha Lemiti Georges Brémond 《Journal of luminescence》2009,129(12):1744-582
Silicon nitride (SiNx) films were prepared with a gas mixture of SiH4 and NH3 on Si wafers using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and infrared absorption have been used to reveal the existence of the Si quantum dots (Si QDs) and to determine the chemical composition of the silicon nitride layers. The optical properties of these structures were studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and indicate that emission mechanisms are dominated by confined excitons within Si QDs. The peak position of PL could be controlled in the wavelength range from 1.5 to 2.2 eV by adjusting the flow rates of ammonia and silane gases. Absorbance spectra obtained in the transmission mode reveal optical absorption from Si QDs, which is in good correlation with PL properties. These results have implications for future nanomaterial deposition controlling and device applications. 相似文献
33.
Wlazło W Enqvist T Armbruster P Benlliure J Bernas M Boudard A Czájkowski S Legrain R Leray S Mustapha B Pravikoff M Rejmund F Schmidt KH Stéphan C Taieb J Tassan-Got L Volant C 《Physical review letters》2000,84(25):5736-5739
Spallation residues produced in 1 GeV per nucleon 208Pb on proton reactions have been studied using the Fragment Separator facility at GSI. Isotopic production cross sections of elements from 61Pm to 82Pb have been measured down to 0.1 mb with a high accuracy. The recoil kinetic energies of the produced fragments were also determined. The obtained cross sections agree with most of the few existing gamma-spectroscopic data. The data are compared with different intranuclear-cascade and evaporation-fission models. Drastic deviations were found for a standard code used in technical applications. 相似文献
34.
Mustapha Ishak 《Foundations of Physics》2007,37(10):1470-1498
Associated with the cosmic acceleration are the old and new cosmological constant problems, recently put into the more general context of the dark energy problem. In broad terms, the old problem is related to an unexpected order of magnitude of this component while the new problem is related to this magnitude being of the same order of the matter energy density during the present epoch of cosmic evolution. Current plans to measure the equation of state or density parameters certainly constitute an important approach; however, as we discuss, this approach is faced with serious feasibility challenges and is limited in the type of conclusive answers it could provide. Therefore, is it really too early to seek actively for new tests and approaches to these problems? In view of the difficulty of this endeavor, we argue in this work that a good place to start is by questioning some of the assumptions underlying the formulation of these problems and finding new ways to put this questioning to the test. First, we calculate how much fine tuning the cosmic coincidence problem represents. Next, we discuss the potential of some cosmological probes such as weak gravitational lensing to identify novel tests to probe dark energy questions and assumptions and provide an example of consistency tests. Then, motivated by some theorems in General Relativity, we discuss if the full identification of the cosmological constant with vacuum energy is unquestionable. We discuss some implications of the simplest solution for the principles of General Relativity. Also, we point out the relevance of experiments at the interface of astrophysics and quantum field theory, such as the Casimir effect in gravitational and cosmological contexts. We conclude that challenging some of the assumptions underlying the cosmological constant problems and putting them to the test may prove useful and necessary to make progress on these questions. 相似文献
35.
36.
In the limit of a large duffusivity ratio, spotlike solutions in the two-dimensional Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction in water-in-oil microemulsion are studied. It is shown analytically that such spots undergo an instability as the diffusivity ratio is decreased. An instability threshold is derived. For spots of small radius, it is shown that this instability leads to a spot splitting into precisely two spots. For larger spots, it leads to deformation, fingering patterns, and space-filling curves. Numerical simulations are shown to be in close agreement with the analytical predictions. 相似文献
37.
Dr. Adrien Bourdolle Dr. Mustapha Allali Dr. Anthony D'Aléo Dr. Patrice L. Baldeck Dr. Kenji Kamada Prof. J. A. Gareth Williams Dr. Hubert Le Bozec Dr. Chantal Andraud Dr. Olivier Maury 《Chemphyschem》2013,14(14):3361-3367
The synthesis of tris(2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)lanthanide(III) complexes featuring a diethylaminostyryl‐2,2′‐bipyridine coligand was achieved for lanthanum; the near‐infrared (NIR) emitters neodymium, erbium, and ytterbium; and the transition‐metal yttrium. The photophysical properties were thoroughly studied, and it was demonstrated that the conjugated bipyridine ligand acts as a good antenna for the sensitization of the NIR emitters. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of all five complexes were investigated by using both two‐photon excited fluorescence and the Z‐scan method. We demonstrate that the nature of the rare earth ion has almost no influence on the TPA properties centered on the conjugated bipyridyl ligand. Finally, we show that YbIII is sensitized by a two‐photon antenna effect, and that NdIII is mostly sensitized by a one‐photon process involving direct excitation of forbidden f–f transitions. 相似文献
38.
We propose a piecewise-linear, time-stepping discontinuous Galerkin method to solve numerically a time fractional diffusion equation involving Caputo derivative of order μ ∈ (0, 1) with variable coefficients. For the spatial discretization, we apply the standard continuous Galerkin method of total degree ≤ 1 on each spatial mesh elements. Well-posedness of the fully discrete scheme and error analysis will be shown. For a time interval (0, T) and a spatial domain Ω, our analysis suggest that the error in \(L^{2}\left ((0,T),L^{2}({\Omega })\right )\)-norm is \(O(k^{2-\frac {\mu }{2}}+h^{2})\) (that is, short by order \(\frac {\mu }{2}\) from being optimal in time) where k denotes the maximum time step, and h is the maximum diameter of the elements of the (quasi-uniform) spatial mesh. However, our numerical experiments indicate optimal O(k2 + h2) error bound in the stronger \(L^{\infty }\left ((0,T),L^{2}({\Omega })\right )\)-norm. Variable time steps are used to compensate the singularity of the continuous solution near t = 0. 相似文献
39.
Aromatization of cyclohexadienes by TEMPO electro-mediated oxidation: Kinetic and structural aspects
Cyclohexadienes are easily converted into the corresponding aromatics in excellent yield (>90%) in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinium ion (TEMPO+). The TEMPO radical was used in catalytic amount and was electrochemically regenerated in the presence of 2,6-lutidine as a base in hydro-organic medium (AcCN/H2O 95/5). This work has been focused on the kinetic aspects. We have demonstrated that the reactivity of different cyclohexadienes is strongly dependent on the configuration of the double bonds and on the nature of the substituents. Competition between allylic functionalization and aromatization has been observed during the oxidation of 1,2-dihydro-4-phenylnaphthalene. 相似文献
40.
El Houssine MABROUK Nadia ARROUSSE Adil KORCHI Mohammed LACHGAR Ahmad OUBAIR Abdelrhani ELACHQAR Mohamed JABHA Mohammed LACHKAR Fadoua El HAJJAJI Zakia RAIS Mustapha TALEB 《高等学校化学研究》2020,36(6):1183-1189
The α-amino acid derivatives constitute a class of compounds of particular medicinal and synthetic attention and considerable interest has been devoted to their synthesis in recent years. In the present work, we develop the computational study of the synthesis reaction of new pyrazolyl α-amino esters derivatives using the Gaussian 09 based on the DFT/B3LYP density functional theory method, with the base 6-31G(d, p) to ensure the possibility of carrying out these reactions within the laboratory of synthesis. Indeed, this research has encouraged us to establish an economical synthesis strategy of these products in overall yields of 73.5% to 87% to have access to new active biomolecule through the O-alkylation reaction between methyl α-azidoglycinate N-benzoylated and primary pyrazole alcohols[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanol, (1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanol and (3-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanol] under different operating conditions. The structure of the prepared heterocyclic systems was characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques, like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS. The results revealed that the experimental study is in good correlation with the computational one. 相似文献