First-Order Intertwining Operators with Position Dependent Mass and <Emphasis Type="Italic">η</Emphasis>-Weak-Pseudo-Hermiticity Generators

A Hermitian and an anti-Hermitian first-order intertwining operators are introduced and a class of η-weak-pseudo-Hermitian position-dependent mass (PDM) Hamiltonians are constructed. A corresponding reference-target η-weak-pseudo-Hermitian PDM—Hamiltonians’ map is suggested. Some η-weak-pseudo-Hermitian -symmetric Scarf II and periodic-type models are used as illustrative examples. Energy-levels crossing and flown-away states phenomena are reported for the resulting Scarf II spectrum. Some of the corresponding η-weak-pseudo-Hermitian Scarf II- and periodic-type-isospectral models ( -symmetric and non- -symmetric) are given as products of the reference-target map.     

ESR determination of the thermal stability of Mn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> ion binding sites in different legume lectins

The legume lectins are a large family of homologous carbohydrate-binding proteins. Their carbohydrate specificity and quaternary structure vary widely. The carbohydrate binding activity of legume lectins depends on the simultaneous presence of calcium and transition-metal ions, especially the Mn²⁺ ion. In the present work, thermal stabilities of Mn²⁺ binding sites in pea, lentil, soybean and kidney-bean lectins have been studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 120–400 K in different atmospheres. The evolution of parameters, such as the line width, peak-to-peak intensity associated with the hyperfine transition [m _I (+5/2) → m′ _I (−5/2)] at the lowest magnetic field side of the central electron transition [m _S (+1/2) → m′ _S (−1/2)] of the Mn⁺² ion, g-factor and hyperfine splitting was evaluated. Annealing was also performed at high temperatures (353, 373, 383, 403 and 443 K) and the oxidation activation energy of Mn²⁺ ions in the indicated legumes was determined.     

Effective-field theory of the Ising model with three alternative layers on the honeycomb and square lattices

The Ising model with three alternative layers on the honeycomb and square lattices is studied by using the effective-field theory with correlations. We consider that the nearest-neighbor spins of each layer are coupled ferromagnetically and the adjacent spins of the nearest-neighbor layers are coupled either ferromagnetically or anti-ferromagnetically depending on the sign of the bilinear exchange interactions. We investigate the thermal variations of the magnetizations and present the phase diagrams. The phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic phases, and the system also exhibits a tricritical behavior.     

Dynamic Phase Transitions and Compensation Temperatures in a Mixed Spin-3/2 and Spin-5/2 Ising System

We examine the dynamic phase transitions and the dynamic compensation temperatures, within a mean-field approach, in the mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising system with a crystal-field interaction under a time-varying magnetic field on a hexagonal lattice by using Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The model system consists of two interpenetrating sublattices with σ=3/2 and S=5/2. The Hamiltonian model includes intersublattice, intrasublattice, and crystal-field interactions. The intersublattice interaction is considered antiferromagnetic and to be a simple but interesting model of a ferrimagnetic system. We employ the Glauber transition rates to construct the mean-field dynamic equations, and we solve these equations in order to find the phases in the system. We also investigate the thermal behavior of the dynamic sublattice magnetizations and the dynamic total magnetization to obtain the dynamic phase transition points and compensation temperatures as well as to characterize the nature (continuous and discontinuous) of transitions. We also calculate the dynamic phase diagrams including the compensation temperatures in five different planes. According to the values of Hamiltonian parameters, five different fundamental phases, three different mixed phases, and six different types of compensation behaviors in the Néel classification nomenclature exist in the system.     

Kinetic interface roughening and magneto resistance of sputter-deposited Fe/Ni75B25 multilayers

The roughening of interfaces as a function of layer thickness and magneto transport properties have been investigated on sputter-deposited Fe/Ni₇₅B₂₅ multilayer films. X-ray reflectivity data were recorded for Ni₇₅B₂₅(72 nm) film and for [Fe(2 nm)/Ni₇₅B₂₅(2 nm)]₁₆ and [Fe(4 nm)/Ni₇₅B₂₅(4 nm)]₈ multilayer films. A power law dependence of the interfacial width of growing Fe/Ni₇₅B₂₅ interfaces was observed. The resulting growth exponents β were found to be in the range of 0.55–0.58 in the initial growth stage of the multilayer with lower Fe/Ni₇₅B₂₅ repetition thickness and at approximately 0.34 for multilayer with higher repetition thickness. The growth exponents were compared with theoretical calculations. High resolution electron microscopy revealed the columnar growth of the Fe/Ni₇₅B₂₅ multilayer. Additionally, an increase of magnetoresistance was observed by the multilayering of Ni₇₅B₂₅ films with Fe interlayers.     

Radiostability of Allantoin by Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

The radiosterilization potential and dosimetric feature of allantoin were investigated through the molecular degradations produced after ultraviolet and gamma irradiation using electron spin resonance, infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopies and thermal measurement techniques (differential thermal analysis and the glass transition temperature). Although ultraviolet-irradiated allantoin presents no electron spin resonance signal, gamma irradiation exhibited an electron spin resonance signal of triplet appearance. Room temperature and high-temperature line intensity and spectrum area data and their variations with applied microwave power, storage time, annealing time, annealing temperature, and applied radiation dose were analyzed by assuming the production of two different types of radicals having different spectroscopic and decay characteristics. Based on its relatively stable nature toward gamma and ultraviolet radiations, it was concluded that allantoin itself and the products containing it can be sterilized by gamma and/or ultraviolet radiations without creating a great loss in its beneficial effects in the allowed radiosterilization dose limits.     

Generalized Hyperbolic Octonion Formulation for the Fields of Massive Dyons and Gravito-Dyons

The close analogy between electromagnetic theory and linear gravity is discussed by the hyperbolic (split) octonion formalism. Using the similarities between the relevant field equations of massive dyons in electromagnetic theory and gravito-dyons in linear gravity, a new mathematical model is proposed to formulate these fields in a compact and simple form. The generalized wave equation including both massive dyon and monopole terms is derived. Similarly, the most generalized form of hyperbolic octonionic Klein–Gordon equation is obtained for the hypothetical particle carrying simultaneously both electromagnetic and gravitational charges (masses).     

On geometric interpretations of split quaternions

Quaternions are an important tool that provides a convenient and effective mathematical method for representing reflections and rotations in three-dimensional space. A unit timelike split quaternion represents a rotation in the Lorentzian space. In this paper, we give some geometric interpretations of split quaternions for lines and planes in the Minkowski 3-space with the help of mutual pseudo orthogonal planes. We classified mutual planes with respect to the casual character of the normals of the plane as follows; if the normal is timelike, then the mutual plane is isomorphic to the complex plane; if the normal is spacelike, then the plane is isomorphic to the hyperbolic number plane (Lorentzian plane); if the normal is lightlike, then the plane is isomorphic to the dual number plane (Galilean plane).     

Effects of radiation on carbapenems: ESR identification and dosimetric features of gamma irradiated solid meropenem trihydrate

In the present work, effects of gamma radiation on solid meropenem trihydrate (MPT), which is the active ingredient of carbapenem antibiotics, were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Irradiated MPT presents an ESR spectrum consisting of many resonance peaks. Heights measured with respect to the spectrum baseline of these resonance peaks were used to explore the evolutions of the radicalic species responsible for the experimental spectrum under different conditions. Variations of the denoted 11 peak heights with microwave power, sample temperature and applied radiation doses and decay of the involved radicalic species at room and at high temperatures were studied. On the basis of the results derived from these studies, a molecular model consisting of the presence of four different radicalic species was proposed, and spectroscopic parameters of these species were calculated through spectrum simulation calculations. The dosimetric potential of MPT was also explored and it was concluded that MPT presents the characteristics of normal and accidental dosimetric materials.