Nontemplate Synthesis of Two Novel 23-Membered N3O4-Donor Macrocycles

Abstract

A novel 23-membered heptadentate N₃O₄ Schiff base ligand has been prepared by [1 + 1] cyclocondensation of 1,2-bis(2′-aminophenoxy)-4-t-butylbenzene with 2,6-bis(2-formylphenoxymethyl)pyridine by a nontemplate procedure. Treatment of L₁ with NaBH₄ in EtOH/CHCl₃ gave the di-amine macrocycle L_2.     

A novel approach to automation of dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction

An automated dynamic two-phase hollow fiber microextraction apparatus combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for extraction and determination of chlorophenoxy acid (CPA) herbicides from environmental samples. The extraction device, called TT-extractor, consists of a polypropylene hollow fiber mounted inside a stainless steel tube by means of two tee-connectors in flow system. An organic solvent, which fills the lumen and the pores of the hydrophobic fiber, is pumped through the fiber repeatedly and the sample is pumped along the outer side of the fiber. The factors affecting the dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (DHF-LPME) of target analytes were investigated and the optimal extraction conditions were established. To test the applicability of the designed instrument, CPAs were extracted from environmental aqueous samples. The limits of detection (LODs) as low as 0.5 μg/L, linear dynamic range in the range of 1-100 μg/L and the relative standard deviations of <7% were obtained. The developed method can provide perconcentration factors as large as 230. A hollow fiber membrane can be used at least 20 times with neither loss in the efficiency nor carryover of the analytes between runs. The system is cheap and convenient and requires minimal manual handling.     

Determination of thebaine in water samples, biological fluids, poppy capsule, and narcotic drugs, using electromembrane extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis

Opium determination is of great importance from toxicological and pharmaceutical standpoints. In present work, electromembrane extraction (EME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for determination of thebaine as a natural alkaloid, in different matrices containing water, urine, poppy capsule, street heroine, and codeine tablet. Thebaine migrated from 3 mL of sample solutions, through a thin layer of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) immobilized in the pores of a porous hollow fiber, and into a 15 μL acidic aqueous acceptor solution present inside the lumen of the fiber. The variables of interest, such as chemical composition of the organic liquid membrane, stirring speed, extraction time and voltage, pH of donor and acceptor phases and salt effect in the EME process were optimized. Under optimal conditions, thebaine was effectively extracted from different matrices with recoveries in the range of 45–55%, which corresponded to preconcentration factors in the range of 90–110. Good linearity was achieved for calibration curves with a coefficient of estimation higher than 0.997. Detection limits and intra-day precision (n = 3) were less than 15 μg L⁻¹ and 8.9%, respectively.     

Scattering by an array of parallel metallic carbon nanotubes

The scattering of electromagnetic wave by an array of parallel metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated based on the boundary-value method. Electronic excitations over each nanotube surface are modeled as an infinitesimally thin cylindrical layer of the free-electron gas. The scattering cross section of both transverse magnetic （TM） and transverse electric （TE） uniform plane waves by the system at normal incidences is obtained.     

Effect of heat treatment on longitudinal gas and liquid permeability of circular and square-shaped native hardwood specimens

Effects of heat-treatment on longitudinal permeability of circular and square wood specimens were studied here. Specimens were heated to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 185 °C. Results showed that permeability increased at the lowest temperature due to shrinkage; then, it decreased due to irreversible hydrogen bonding and stiffness. The highest temperature increased permeability due to micro-cracks. The higher perimeter in the square specimens aggravated the effects of heat treatment.     

A new approach for modeling of RO membranes using MD-SF-PF model and CFD technique

The modified surface force-pore flow (MD-SF-PF) model is a successful and powerful model for prediction of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation. In the MD-SF-PF model, a suitable mass and momentum balances were made through the cylindrical micro porous of the membranes. A one-dimensional potential function in radial direction was used to attain the velocity profile. The obtained nonlinear equations were solved by orthogonal collocation method. In our model, extended MD-SF-PF (Ex-MD-SF-PF) model, the potential function of the MD-SF-PF model was developed as both radial and axial directions. Both Ex-MD-SF-PF and MD-SF-PF models were solved by finite volume and finite difference methods based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The profiles of velocity and concentration were achieved and thereby the values of separation factors and fluxes for both models were obtained and were compared accordingly. This approach affected only at the end of pore, mainly on the concentration profile and slightly on the velocity profile.     

Surface characterizations of membranes and electrospun chitosan derivatives by optical speckle analysis

In this paper, we show that laser speckle pattern provides useful information toward revealing discrimination between nanofibers and membranes. Chitosan materials particularly organosoluble chitosan derivatives have a number of applications. The surface characteristics of these materials are very critical for specific applications. The analysis of laser speckles, both numerical and graphical, includes information about the surface structure. The development of digital electronics brought the ease of image processing and has opened new perspectives for a spectrum of laser speckle analysis (LASCA) applications. Our results show reasonable differences between the LASCA parameters of nanofibers and membranes. The methodology may be considered as a quantitative assessment tool for similar samples.