Enaminones in heterocyclic synthesis: Synthesis and chemical reactivity of 3‐anilino‐1‐substituted‐2‐propene‐1‐ one

The 3‐anilinoenones 3a,b were prepared from the corresponding 3‐dimemyl‐aminopropenones. The reactivity of 3a,b towards a variety of carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles as well as naphthoquinones is reported.     

Ion exchangers as catalysts. II. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with resin-ethylenediamine-copper(II) complex ions

Summary The slow decomposition of H₂O₂ in the presence of Dowex-50 W resin in the form of an ethylenediaminecopper(II) complex ion in water is accompanied by an induction period. The reaction is first order with respect to [H₂O₂] and the rate constant (perg of dry resin) was deduced. Autocatalytic behaviour was found for the H₂O₂ decomposition with 2% crosslinked divinylbenzene. The induction period disappeared and the reaction rate increased when the decomposition was carried out with a resin in the form of a peroxo-copper complex, which proves that the formation of an intermediate (active species) retards the reaction rate. The precursor of the active species, formed during the induction period, was not the amine-copper(II) complex ion but a product of the latter with H₂O₂. It proved impossible to carry out the decomposition in acid or buffer solutions, in which the resin is regenerated.     

Carbon‐based Nanosensors for Salicylate Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Thiourea derivative‐based carbon paste electrode (TUD1‐CPE) was constructed as a potentiometric sensor for the determination of salicylate anion in pharmaceutical formulations, Aspocid® and Aspirin®. The optimized CPE contained 45.5 % graphite, 0.5 % reduced graphene oxide (rGO), 46.0 % nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) plasticizer, 5.0 % TUD1 ionophore, and 3.0 % tridodecylmethyl ammonium chloride as additive. The incorporation of NPOE of high dielectric constant, and rGO in electrode caused better performance of the sensor; Nernstian response of 59.0 mV decade^?1 in the concentration range of 10^?1–10^?5 mole L^?1, a detection limit of 1×10^?5 mole L^?1 in a very short response time of 6 seconds. The prepared sensor showed high selectivity against similar anions (i. e. , benzoate, I^?, SCN^?). Selectivity was confirmed by calculating the formation constant (K_β) using sandwich membrane method, where K_β for TUD1‐salicylate is 10^0.43. Theoretical calculations at DFT‐B3LY/6‐31G** level of theory were performed to find interaction mechanism, Energies of HOMO and LUMO orbitals, non‐linear optical (NLO) properties (the electronic dipole moment (μ), first‐order hyperpolarizability (β), the hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (β_HRS) and the depolarization ratio (DR)), and other global properties; these calculations showed lower values of β and DR, higher value of β_HRS, and the shortest lengths of the four N?H bonds between TUD1 and salicylate which confirm their strong complexation and salicylate‐selectivity. Also, all the studied anion‐TUD1 exhibited relatively high NLO properties, and these results were considered as a preliminary study for investigating new types of NLO bearing materials. The sensors were applied successfully for the determination of salicylate anion in Aspocid® and Aspirin®.     

Analysis of selected pesticides and alkylphenols in human cord blood by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer

A total of seven pesticides and eight alkylphenols were monitored using this method for the determination of their trace levels in human cord blood. The pesticides are lindane, diazinon, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos and endrin; while the alkylphenols are 4-n-butylphenol, 4-n-pentylphenol, 4-n-hexylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, 4-n-heptylphenol, nonylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol and bisphenol A. The pesticides and alkylphenols in the cord blood samples were extracted with solid phase extraction IST C18 cartridges and analyzed by selected ion monitoring mode using quadrapole detector in Shimadzu QP-5000 gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Trace levels of pesticide and alkylphenols in the range of non-detectable to 15.17 ng ml⁻¹, were detected in the human cord blood samples. This technique of monitoring the levels of endocrine-disruptors in blood samples is consistent, reliable and cost effective while reducing wastage of time and solvents.     

Synthesis of steroidal thiadiazoles from steroidal ketones

Syntheses of steroidal heterocycles containing a five-membered N,S- heterocycle attached at the 6,7 positions of the B ring are reported. 5Alpha-cholestane-6-one (1), its 3beta-acetoxy- (2) and 3beta-chloro- (3) analogues reacted with semicarbazide and aqueous sodium acetate in refluxing ethanol to yield 5alpha-cholestan-6-one-semicarbazone 1a and its 3-beta-acetoxy and 3beta-chloro derivatives 2a and 3a, respectively. The reactions of 1a, 2a and 3a with thionyl chloride in dichloromethane at low temperature afforded the cyclized thiadiazole 4 and its 3beta-acetoxy- and 3beta-chloro analogues 5 and 6 in good yields.     

Enhancement of the catalytic activity of [Cu2(TS)(OH)2(OAc)] using superconductor cuprate sample

A superconducting sample (Nd_0.1Y_0.9Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ) has been tried as a catalyst for H₂O₂ decomposition. All parameters affecting the reaction rate (concentration of H₂O₂, weight of catalyst, temperature and pH) were studied and the optimum conditions were evaluated. A mixture of the superconducting cuprate with [Cu₂(TS)(OH)(OAc)] using different percentages of the sample has been prepared and tried kinetically under the same mentioned conditions. An attempt was made to increase the activity of the complex. The data show that the cuprate sample alone was found to be almost inactive when compared with that of the mixture. The catalytic mechanism in the absence and presence of the complex was suggested.     

De novo enantioselective syntheses of galacto-sugars and deoxy sugars via the iterative dihydroxylation of dienoate

An efficient route to various sugar lactones has been developed. Key to the overall transformation is the sequential osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation of 2,4-dienoates. The simplest (one-step/racemic) example of this reaction occurs when the dihydroxylation is performed with aqueous NMO in MeOH. When the first dihydroxylation is performed using the AD-mix procedure, an enantioselective variant results. When a matched AD-mix procedure is used for the second dihydroxylation, an exceedingly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of galacto-1,4-lactone results. [Reaction: see text]     

Reductive Elimination of Phenylsulfonyl Groups in the 3‐Position of Benzo[a]heptalene‐2,4‐diols

3‐(Phenylsulfonyl)benzo[a]heptalene‐2,4‐diols 1 can be desulfonylated with an excess of LiAlH₄/MeLi?LiBr in boiling THF in good yields (Scheme 6). When the reaction is run with LiAlH₄/MeLi, mainly the 3,3′‐disulfides 6 of the corresponding 2,4‐dihydroxybenzo[a]heptalene‐3‐thiols are formed after workup (Scheme 7). However, the best yields of desulfonylated products are obtained when the 2,4‐dimethoxy‐substituted benzo[a]heptalenes 2 are reduced with an excess of LiAlH₄/TiCl₄ at ?78→20° in THF (Scheme 10). Attempts to substitute the PhSO₂ group of 2 with freshly prepared MeONa in boiling THF led to a highly selective ether cleavage of the 4‐MeO group, rather than to desulfonylation (Scheme 13).     

Coordination compounds of hydrazine derivatives with transition metals,part XVIII. Cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) chelates with schiff bases derived from hydrazine-S-methyldithiocarboxylate and thiosemicarbazide

Summary The reactions of aldehydic and ketonic Schiff bases derived from hydrazine-S-methyl dithiocarboxylate and thiosemicar-bazide with cobalt(II) acetate were investigated. Octahedral tris ligand cobalt(III) chelates were formed with aldehydic Schiff bases whereas tetrahedral bis ligand cobalt (II) chelates were isolated with ketonic Schiff bases.N-isopropylidene hydrazine-S-methyldithiocarboxylate, however, gave both octahedral tris cobalt(III) and tetrahedral bis cobalt(II) chelates. These results are interpreted in terms of the steric requirements of the Schiff base used.     

Synergic effect of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) on the extraction of Hg(II), Se(IV), Co(II) and Mn(II) with fluorinated pyrazolone (HPMTFP)

Extraction of Hg(II), Se(IV), Mn(II) and Co(II) has been carried out with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoroacetyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (HPMTFP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) into chloroform from pH 1–10. Quantitative extraction of Hg(II), Mn(II) and Co(II) at pH 4 with equimolar 0.05M (PMTFP+TPPO) in chloroform was observed. Se(IV) remains unextracted at this pH range. The stoichiometric composition of the extracted complexes M(PMTFP)₂·nH₂O (M=Mn, Hg), M(PMTFP)₂·2TPPO (M=Mn and Co) and Co(PMTFP)₂·TPPO·H₂O at less than 0.1M TPPO has been established. The formation constantsK _m,0 andK _m,n and stability constants _m,n have been computed. The analytical method developed was applied to the IAEA standard reference material (SRM) potato fluor V-4 for the determination of these elements using NAA technique.