Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzimidazole pendant cyanopyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents

Thirteen new benzimidazole pendant cyanopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized. The compounds were synthesized through multistep reaction protocol. The structures of synthesized derivatives were studied by EI-MS, ¹H NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. All the compounds were studied for their anticancer activity at National Cancer Institute. Except compound 7j , all the compounds unveiled cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The most active compound 7a had shown highest value of growth inhibition of 88.44% and 84.19% against HOP-92 and T-47D cancer cell lines.     

Halide Anion Triggered Reactions of Michael Acceptors with Tropylium Ion

Tropylium bromide undergoes noncatalyzed, regioselective additions to a large variety of Michael acceptors. In this way, acrylic esters are converted into β‐bromo‐α‐cycloheptatrienylpropionic esters. The reactions are interpreted as nucleophilic attack of bromide ions at the electron‐deficient olefins and the approach of the tropylium ion to the incipient carbanion. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to elucidate the analogy to the amine‐ or phosphine‐catalyzed Rauhut–Currier reactions. Subsequent synthetic transformations of the bromo‐cycloheptatrienylated adducts are reported.     

Fabrication and characterization of a novel wound scaffold based on polyurethane added with Channa striatus for wound dressing applications

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process and it involves restoration of damaged skin tissues. Several wound dressings comprising naturally made substances are constantly investigated to assist wound healing. In this research, a new wound dressing based on polyurethane (PU) supplemented with essence of Channa striatus (CS) fish oil was made by electrospinning. Morphological study depicted the reduction in fiber diameter than PU with the addition of fish oil (0.552?±?0.109?μm for 8:1 v/v% and 0.519?±?0.196?μm 7:2 v/v%) than the pristine PU (0.971?±?0.205?µm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of fish oil in the composite as identified through increasing peak intensity. Fish oil resulted in the hydrophilic behavior (88?±?3 (8:1 v/v) and 70?±?6 (7:2 v/v)) as revealed in the contact angle analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the superior thermal behavior of the wound dressing patch compared to the PU. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis insinuated a decrease in the surface roughness of the pristine polyurethane with the added fish oil. Coagulation assays signified the delay in the blood clotting time portraying its anti-thrombogenic behavior. Hemolytic assay revealed the less toxic nature of the developed nanocomposites with the red blood cells (RBC’s) depicting its safety with blood. Hence, polyurethane nanofibers supplemented with fish oil made them as deserving candidates for wound dressing application.     

Comparative Study of Catalytic Potential of TBAB,BTEAC, and CTAB in One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines Under Aqueous Medium

Convenient and straightforward tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), benzyltrienthylammonium chloride (BTEAC), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) catalyzed synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) in water was established for the first time. The catalytic potential of phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in three different concentrations was envisioned. Aryl aldehydes and hetero aryl aldehydes afforded good yields of 1,4-DHPs in TBAB and BTEAC reactions. In particular, furfuraldehyde and thienyl-2-carbaldehyde produced excellent yields. Isolation of the products through nonchromatographic methods, good to excellent yields, and benign reaction conditions are the major advantages of this protocol.     

Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-8-type zeolite crystals

Procedure for hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-8-type zeolite crystals, using TEA—OH as a template, in the system having molar composition 16.2 (Na₂O) — Al₂O₃ — 117 (SiO₂) — 4.8 (TEA)₂O — 3887 H₂O at 170 °C is described. Results of characterization of these crystals by XRD, IR, EDAX, SEM, TGA, and adsorption studies are described and discussed. X-ray diffraction studies establish that the crystals are ZSM-8-type with structure similar to that of ZSM-5-type crystals. Crystals have prismatic bipyramidal morphology with average size 18–25 microns. Degased calcined samples adsorb xylenes in the order p > m > 0. Pore length per unit cell, estimated from n-hexane adsorption studies, is 46 Å.     

A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach

Natural products in the form of functional foods have become increasingly popular due to their protective effects against life-threatening diseases, low risk of adverse effects, affordability, and accessibility. Plant components such as phytosterol, in particular, have drawn a lot of press recently due to a link between their consumption and a modest incidence of global problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In the management of diet-related metabolic diseases, such as T2DM and cardiovascular disorders, these plant-based functional foods and nutritional supplements have unquestionably led the market in terms of cost-effectiveness, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder categoriszed by high blood sugar and insulin resistance, which influence major metabolic organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. These chronic hyperglycemia fallouts result in decreased glucose consumption by body cells, increased fat mobilisation from fat storage cells, and protein depletion in human tissues, keeping the tissues in a state of crisis. In addition, functional foods such as phytosterols improve the body’s healing process from these crises by promoting a proper physiological metabolism and cellular activities. They are plant-derived steroid molecules having structure and function similar to cholesterol, which is found in vegetables, grains, nuts, olive oil, wood pulp, legumes, cereals, and leaves, and are abundant in nature, along with phytosterol derivatives. The most copious phytosterols seen in the human diet are sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, which can be found in free form, as fatty acid/cinnamic acid esters or as glycosides processed by pancreatic enzymes. Accumulating evidence reveals that phytosterols and diets enriched with them can control glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin resistance. Despite this, few studies on the advantages of sterol control in diabetes care have been published. As a basis, the primary objective of this review is to convey extensive updated information on the possibility of managing diabetes and associated complications with sterol-rich foods in molecular aspects.     

Field dependence of hole mobility in TPD-doped polystyrene

Field and temperature dependence of hole mobility in N,N^′-diphenyl-N,N^′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (TPD) doped in polystyrene (PS) is studied using the transient photoconductivity technique. We observe both the positive and negative field dependence of mobility with increasing field and temperature. The field and temperature at which negative field dependence begins is low compared with earlier reports on similar systems (with 20 wt% dopant concentration). Results are discussed on the basis of the Gaussian disorder model (GDM), which predicts that the interplay of both the energetic and positional disorder of dopant molecules in the sample decides the slope of the logμ versus E^1/2 plot. The observed mobility dependence is rationalized on the basis of low energetic disorder in the sample. The reason for low energetic disorder is purely due to the film morphology of the sample. Even for a dopant concentration of 20 wt%, we observe clustering and chaining of TPD molecules, which may provide low energetic and positional disorder.     

Calcium and oxygen doping in Y Ba2Cu3Oy

Both oxygen and calcium play important roles in inducing superconductivity in Y Ba₂Cu₃O_y (YBCO), which is an antiferromagnetic insulator at low O and Ca content. O induces superconductivity in Ca-free YBCO, while Ca does similarly in oxygen-deficient YBCO. For doping oxygen HgO was used as it decomposes at 476 ^°C into Hg, which escapes from the matrix leaving the crystal unaltered, and O, which provide a way to dope O in YBCO. Considering these facts, polycrystalline samples of Y _1−xCa_xBa₂Cu₃O_y with x=0, 0.1 and 0.2 with and without HgO addition were prepared through a solid-state reaction method. The samples were sintered at 950 ^°C in open atmosphere. These synthesized samples were characterized through using the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) for phase evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for grain morphology, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for compositional analysis and the four-contact measurement technique for determining the superconducting transition temperature.     

Cavitation--a novel technique for making stable nano-suspensions

The purpose of the present study was to obtain nano-scale particles of styrene butadiene rubber. As SBR particles are elastic in nature, conventional methods of size reductions such as impacting, grinding are unable to achieve the final size. So, attempts have been made here to make the nano-particles of the SBR using cavitation technique. Both acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation techniques have been employed and studied. Hydrodynamic cavitation has been proved to be more energy efficient than the acoustic cavitation on the basis of various parameters. The maximum production rate equivalent to 2 kg/h (solid processing) has been achieved in the newly developed hydrodynamic cavitation set-up (made in house). Similar to transient cavitation, stable cavitation has also been shown to contribute for reduction in the size of the material with very low variation in size. This technique has been proved successful for the size-reduction of the elastic material to nano-scale, thus it may also be used for the size-reduction of the other brittle and hard material by adjusting various cavitational parameters.