Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium and lead from aqueous solutions by s‐triazine containing nanoporous polyamide

s‐Triazine containing dicarboxylic acid was synthesized. Then, it was reacted with 1,3‐phenylenediamine in molten tetrabutylammonium bromide to formed soluble aromatic polyamide with good yield and moderate inherent viscosity of 0.35 dL g^?1. The solubility and flexibility of polyamides are low. So, we used ether group such as di(4‐aminephenyl) ether in building polyamide. The structure of monomer and polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal properties of synthesized polyamide, and their results show that this polymer had a good thermal stability. The surface morphology of s‐triazine containing polyamide was studied by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the results show that it has a porous morphology and moderate Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface (367 m² g^?1). It was further investigated for Pb (II) and Cr(VI) ion removal by optimizing the parameters including pH and contact time. The maximum uptakes of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) at pH 5.0 and pH 4.0 are 57% and 76%, respectively. Also, sorption kinetics of this polymer was investigated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bacilli as Biological Nano-factories Intended for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Human Welfare

The search of eco-friendly technologies for nano-synthesis is significant to expand their applications in human welfare. Nowadays, various inorganic nanoparticles with beneficial features have been synthesized via physical, chemical, and biological means. Significant biological applications of silver nanoparticles include on-infectious microbes, target drug delivery, cancer and vector-borne disease control. Their syntheses have been tested from plant fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The bacterial mediated synthesis of silver, gold, zinc and other metal leads to a milestone in nano-medicines. Thus, in this review, we focus on the contribution of Bacilli in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the mechanism of action and their potential application in the welfare of human beings.     

A Validated TLC-Densitometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide in Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple and robust thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative...     

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene/ thermoplastic rubber blends

The morphology and crystallization behavior of blends of polypropylene (PP) and an ethylene-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPO) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The SEM images showed a two-phase morphology for these blends. As TPO was partially crystalline, two distinct peaks were observed in both heating and cooling scans of DSC. The crystallization temperature of TPO in blends was higher than pure TPO. In contrast, the crystallization temperature of PP in blends was lower than pure PP. The crystallization behavior of blends was modeled by Avrami equation. It was observed that the presence of TPO accelerated the growth rate of crystals of PP in PP/TPO blends.     

Reverse phase HPLC determination of sunitinib malate using UV detector,its isomerisation study,method development and validation

Sunitinib malate, as an anticancer compound and a multi-targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor for treatment of glioma, was comprehensively studied by using different liquid chromatography methods. Since sunitinib malate shows Z-E isomerism, various reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) programs were designed to access quantitative determination and good separation of Z-E stereoisomers. Moreover, some impurities including N-oxide and impurity B were to be separated from the main isomer with acceptable resolution. In the present work, different RP-HPLC programs were developed in which the type of mobile phase, flow rate, pH, and temperature were optimized to reach the best analysis conditions and control the rate of Z to E conversion. In addition, the effect of some operational parameters during the solution preparation including initial concentration of the analyte, temperature, pH, and type of solvent on the stability of Z isomer were investigated. The opted conditions for quantitative analysis were C8-Hector column as stationary phase, methanol as solvent, ammonium acetate buffer containing triethylamine as mobile phase, the pH of mobile phase of 8.5, the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 425 nm. In this situation the peaks of E and Z isomers were at 16.3 and 19.7 min. Full validation of the designed method was done based on ICH guidelines.     

Isolation,characterization, and quantification of curcuminoids and their comparative effects in cerebral ischemia

The study reports a rapid and short analytical technique for separation, characterization, and quantitation along with comparative pharmacological effect of curcuminoids in cerebral ischemia. Flash chromatography, using silica and diol columns along with gradient mobile phase, was utilized to separate three curcuminoids, i.e., curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) for the first time. The separated peaks were monitored at 200–360?nm, whereas the purity of compounds (96.2–97.6%) was determined through qualitative analysis such as infrared and ¹H and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) for curcuminoids were prepared and characterized through zeta sizer, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The developed ultra performance of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method showed simplified automation and shorter run time for Combi flash over conventional separation techniques. The CS-NPs for all the three curcuminoids and combined-curcuminoids (CCr) (combined and administered together for a synergistic effect), following intranasal administration in middle cerebral artery–occluded rats were evaluated for grip strength, locomotor activity, and histopathological examination where the anti-ischemic activity was observed, in terms of potency, for all three CS-NPs and CCr as CCr>Cur>DMC>>BDMC. Cur-CS-NPs exhibited more potency among Cur, DMC, and BDMC, whereas CCr was the more potent anti-ischemic drug compared to Cur, DMC, and BDMC. For Cur the characteristic activity is proposed because of the presence of methoxy group on the phenyl ring whereas for CCr it is synergistic effect of curcuminoids.     

Estimation of thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol-based nanofluid with hybrid suspensions of SWCNT–Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticles by correlation and ANN methods using experimental data

In the present paper, the effects of temperature and volume fraction on thermal conductivity of SWCNT–Al₂O₃/EG hybrid nanofluid are investigated. Single-walled carbon nanotube with outer diameter of 1–2 nm and aluminum oxide nanoparticles with mean diameter of 20 nm with the ratio of 30 and 70%, respectively, were dispersed in the base fluid. The measurements were conducted on samples with volume fractions of 0.04, 0.08, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5 and 2.5. In order to investigate the effects of temperature on thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, this characteristic was measured in five different temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C. The results indicate that enhancement of nanoparticles’ thickness in low volume fractions and at any temperature causes a considerable increment in thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. In this study, the highest enhancement of thermal conductivity was 41.2% which was achieved at the temperature of 50 °C and volume fraction of 2.5%. Based on the experimental data, an experimental correlation and a neural network are presented and for thermal conductivity of the nanofluid in terms of volume fraction and temperature. Comparing outputs of the experimental correlation and the designed artificial neural network with experimental data, the maximum error values for the experimental correlation and the artificial neural network were, respectively, 2.6 and 1.94% which indicate the excellent accuracy of both methods in prediction of thermal conductivity.