Green Enzymatic Synthesis of L-Ascorbyl Fatty Acid Ester: An Antioxidant

In green chemistry, biocatalysis using microwaves is a very attractive tool for various regioselective syntheses. L-Ascorbyl fatty acid esters were synthesized by an immobilized lipase from Bulkholderia multivorans using microwaves, with a dynamically enhanced rate of reaction and appreciable yield of around 80%. Microwave radiation had no effect on enzymic inactivation, however, synergism between microwaves and biocatalyst was observed.     

Highly Efficient Solvent-Free Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones Catalyzed by Zinc Oxide

A simple, efficient and practical procedure for the Biginelli reaction using zinc oxid (ZnO) as a novel and reusable catalyst is described under solvent-free conditions in high yields. The use of this agent is characterized by remarkable reactivity, moderate costs, low toxicity and simple work up procedures.     

Preparation of trans Diequatorial 2,3-Pyruvate Acetals in a Di- and a Trisaccharide Related to the K-Antigen from E. Coli 0101:K103:H−

Abstract

Using methyl 2,2-bis(ethylthio)propionate as acetalating agent and triflic acid-sulfuryl chloride as catalyst, synthesis of 2,3-trans diequatorial pyruvate ketal was achieved. Starting from D-galactose and L-rhamnose derivatives, methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-O-benzyl-2,3-O-(1-methoxycarbonyl)ethylidene- α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and methyl 4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-O-(1-methoxy-carbonyl)ethylidene-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were synthesized. Removal of the protecting groups from the former, afforded the trisaccharide repeating unit of the K-antigen from E.coli O101:K103:H^? in the form of its methyl glycoside methyl ester.     

Oxidation of Chromanones and 2-Spirochromanones with [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in Acetonitrile Under Reflux as well as Ultrasound: A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of Chromones,Tetrahydroxanthones, and Their Higher Homologues

Oxidation of chromanones (1a-i) and 2-spiro-chromanones (j-m) using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo] benzene in refluxing acetonitrile as well as using ultrasound via dehydrogenation and 2,3-alkyl migration provides a convenient route for the synthesis of chromones (2a-i), tetrahydroxanthones (2j,k) and their higher homologues (21,m). The ultrasound also enhances substantially the rate of above transformations.     

An Efficient Method for Production and Storage of Unstable S-Nitrosothiols Under Mild and Heterogeneous Condition with Sodium Nitrite and Oxalic Acid Dihydrate

Thiols can be readily converted to their corresponding nitrosothiols with a combination of oxalic acid and sodium nitrite in t-butanol at room temperature (26-30°C). The reaction mixture could be solidified with decreasing its temperature to, 15°C and was stored for several days without any destruction of the nitrosothiols.     

RuCl3 · xH2O: A New Efficient Catalyst for Facile Preparation of 1,1‐Diacetates from Aldehydes

An efficient, facile preparation of aldehyde 1,1‐diacetates (acylals) in excellent yields catalyzed by RuCl₃ · xH₂O is described. Ketones do not react under these conditions.     

Novel Approach for the Synthesis of N-Substituted-4-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-butyramides

A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of N-substituted-4-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-butyramides has been reported. Several aromatic and aliphatic amide derivatives of 4-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-butyric acid were prepared in 60–81% yields by refluxing it with different phosphazo compounds in toluene for approximately 1 h.     

An Unusual Reaction of Dimethyl Sulfonium Methylide with Fhenyl Alkyl Ketones Having p-Electron Donating Substituents

A recent report by El Feraly et. al ³ describing the direct conversion of 5, 7-dimethoxy - 2, 3 - dihydro - 1H-benzcyclopenten- 1 -one(1) to the homologated aldehyde (3) by dimethyl sulfonium 4 methylide⁴ (2), prompted us to present results obtained from our investigation of the reaction of various aromatic aldehydes and ketones, possessing electron releasing p-substituent, with (2). Our interest in examining this particular reaction arose from a need to prepare the oxirane (5) and the aldehyde (6), required in connection with the synthesis and biological evaluation of semi-rigid analogues of catecholamines as probes for the study 5 of adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors.⁵     

Oxidation of 1,4-Dihydropyridines under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions

A combination of NaHSO₄.H₂O and NaNO₂ in the presence of wet SiO₂ was used as an effective oxidizing agent for the oxidation of dihydropyridines to their corresponding pyridine derivatives at room temperature with excellent yields.