Experimental implementation of multiplexing/demultiplexing in digital images using virtual phase conjugation for holographic data storage

We experimentally implemented and proved the concept of multiplexing and demultiplexing in digital images using virtual phase conjugation, which was proposed in our previous study. In the experiment, we concluded that two digital images multiplexed in a single signal beam are recorded in a holographic medium, and these images are independently and successfully reproduced. In this method, the digital images are multiplexed by superimposing them on a complex amplitude, and not using volume hologram’s multiplexing. Thus, the exposure amount in the holographic medium is constant regardless of the number of multiplexing of digital images, and the method has great potential for achieving high recording density.     

NIRS的ECR离子源现状

Four ECR ion sources have been operated in National Institute of Radiological Sciences(NIRS). Two ECR ion sources supply various ion species for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba(HIMAC). The 10GHz NIRS-ECR ion source mainly produces C~(2 ) ions for the heavy-ion therapy.Ions of Si,Ar,Fe,Kr and Xe are usually produced by the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ion source for physical and biological experiments.The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the new generation carbon therapy facility.One of these,the Kei-source,is a prototype which has been installed to the NIRS-930 cyclotron for axial injection.The other source,Kei2-source,is a demonstration source and utilized for the new generation Linac.In addition,both Kei sources have been used to study fundamental properties. In this paper,present status of the ion sources and recent developments are reported.     

Light-scattering study of polyelectrolyte complex formation between anionic and cationic nanogels in an aqueous salt-free system

We studied complex formation in an aqueous salt-free system (pH approximately 3 and at 25 degrees C) between nanogel particles having opposite charges. Anionic gel (AG) and cationic gel (CG) particles consist of lightly cross-linked N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) copolymers with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and with 1-vinylimidazole, respectively. The number of charges per particle was -4490 for AG and +20 300 for CG, as estimated from their molar masses (3.33 MD for AG and 11.7 MD for CG) by static light scattering (SLS) and their charge densities (1.35 mmol/g for AG and 1.74 mmol/g for CG) by potentiometric titration. The complexes were formed through the addition of AG to CG and vice versa using a turbidimetric titration technique. At the endpoint of the titration, the aggregate formed was a complex based upon stoichiometric charge neutralization: CG(n)()(+) + xAG(m)()(-) --> CG(n)()(+) (AG(m)()(-))(x)() where x = (n)()/(m)(). At different stages of the titration before the endpoint, the resulting complexes were examined in detail using dynamic light scattering, SLS, and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). The main results are summarized as follows: (i) When AG with a hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) of 119 nm is added to CG (R(h) approximately 156 nm), the (R(h)) of the complex size decreases from 156 to 80 nm. (ii) In contrast to this (R(h)) change, the molar mass increases from 11.7 MD to 24 MD with increasing amounts of added AG. (iii) Upon addition of CG to AG, the complex formed has the same size ((R(h)) approximately 80 nm) and the same molar mass (55 +/- 2.5 MD) until 55 +/- 5% of AG has been consumed in the complexation. To understand these results, we used the following two models: the random model (RM), in which the added AG particles uniformly bind to all of the CG particles in the system via a strong electrostatic attraction, and the all-or-none model (AONM), in which part of the AG particles in the system preferably bind to the added CG particles to neutralize their electric charges but the other AG particles are uncomplexed and remain in the system. The complex formations upon addition of AG to CG and CG to AG were elucidated in terms of RM and AONM, respectively.     

Hybrid and biohybrid silicate based materials: molecular vs. block-assembling bottom-up processes

This critical review introduces a discussion on the influence of preparative procedures (nanofabrication) of nanostructured hybrids and biohybrids, comparing their structural and textural characteristics that determine the properties of the resulting materials. Selected examples of silicate-based hybrids of analogous compositions prepared by both molecular and blocks-assembly bottom-up strategies are discussed to show advantages and inconveniences of each methodology (341 references).     

Stopping powers of Al,Ti, Cu,Zr, Rh,Ag, Ta and Au for 26 MeV alpha particles and Z3 1 correction

Abstract

Stopping powers of Al, Ti, Cu, Zr, Rh, Ag, Ta and Au for 26 MeV alpha particles have been measured using a surface barrier silicon detector with an accuracy of 0.35%. The stopping powers for alpha particles divided by 4 have been compared with the stopping powers for 6.500 MeV protons of the same velocity. Experimental magnitudes of the Z ³ ₁ correction which is contained in the Bethe-Bloch stopping formula were extracted using the alpha-proton difference. Using the experimental Z ³ ₁ corrections thus obtained and the experimental Z ³ ₁ corrections of the previous paper, parameters of γ and b which appear in the theory of Ashley, Ritchie and Brandt for the Z ³ ₁ correction have been determined with exactly the same method as the previous paper as γ = 1.336 and b = 1.32. The magnitude of the Z ³ ₁ correction calculated by the theory of Ashley, Ritchie and Brandt using these parameters have been compared with those obtained by other authors.     

Synthetic studies on antibiotic A23187 I. Chiral synthons for C9-C13 and C14-C20

Chiral synthons $\text{3}$ and $\text{4}$ for the synthesis of antibiotic A23187 $\text{1}$ were prepared from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside.     

Reductive Rearrangement of Tetraphenyldiphosphine Disulfide To Trigger the Bisthiophosphinylation of Alkenes and Alkynes

The facile synthesis of organophosphorus compounds is of great importance for the development of new synthetic methods by using air-stable sources of phosphorus. In this respect, a synthetic method that is based on a reductive rearrangement and is capable of converting air-stable pentavalent phosphorus compounds into reactive trivalent phosphorus compounds is a powerful tool. Tetraphenyldiphosphine disulfide, which is a shelf-stable solid, was the focus of this study, and it was shown to undergo reductive rearrangement to trigger the bisthiophosphinylation of a variety of alkenes, such as terminal, cyclic, internal, and branched alkenes, 1,3-dienes, and terminal alkynes when exposed to light without any catalyst, base, or additive.