颗粒有序堆积多孔介质对流换热实验研究

本文采用"瞬态单吹反问题研究方法"对颗粒有序堆积多孔介质内的强制对流换热进行了实验研究。详细研究了颗粒堆积方式变化对多孔介质内对流换热的影响,并对均匀与非均匀颗粒堆积多孔介质内的对流换热特性进行了对比分析。研究表明:通过对颗粒进行合理有序堆积,可以使相应多孔介质内的压降显著降低,其综合换热效率明显提高;通过拟合获得了颗粒有序堆积多孔介质内的宏观流动换热实验关联式,其形式与传统经验公式(Ergun公式和Wakao公式)一致,但部分模型参数值远低于传统经验公式。     

高精度虹膜识别光学镜头的研制

针对虹膜识别系统中难于获取高分辨率的虹膜图像问题,设计一款高精度虹膜图像采集摄像镜头。镜头焦距14.2 mm, 畸变小于0.15%,像方数值孔径为0.26,像面直径为5.35 mm,工作距离130 mm,物像共轭距为150 mm。光学系统可获得高分辨率图像,在0.7视场光学传递函数MTF在120 lp/mm时大于30%。镜头由4片球面透镜构成,结构简单,适合产业化生产,各项光学指标检测结果达到设计要求。     

纳米尺度流动速度计算的新方法

采用流体力学中流量与流速的计算和分子动力学相结合的方法,模拟液态氩在纳米通道内的三维Poiseuille流动和驱动方腔流动,计算流体流速.结果表明:平板形纳米通道内,该方法求得的流速与传统分子动力学方法所求流速基本吻合,可以用该方法计算不同壁面情况下的流速;对于纳米方腔通道内的流体,在不同模型下两种方法计算出的流速分布大致相同,但是其边界速度差别很大,在边界的速度计算方面新方法的精确度更高,收敛速度比传统方法快.     

基于LabVIEW的高功率微波驱动源监控系统

针对高功率微波源对前级驱动电源的计算机自动控制要求,设计了一套1 200 kV高功率微波驱动电源监控系统。系统采用多功能数据采集卡控制大功率调压器产生连续可调的工频电压,再经过环氧高压变压器和整流硅堆等转换为直流高压,对储能电容进行充电控制;采用高速数据输入输出卡控制触发系统按时序进行工作;监测计算机通过RS-485串口方式对直流高压、闸流管阳极电压、闸流管对地电流等进行实时状态监测;控制主机通过以太网与中央控制计算机实现通讯,可以单独控制电源工作,也可以通过中央计算机统一协调工作;采用LabVIEW作为软件开发平台,利用图形控件完成整个电源系统的控制监测等功能的设计;为了解决因电磁干扰强而引起的地电位抬高、高压采集不正常等问题,系统的软硬件都融入了可靠性设计。实验结果表明,该系统工作可靠稳定,实时性强,界面友好,操作简单,具有良好的可扩展性和移植性。     

Fringe pattern analysis by S-transform

S-transform proposed in 1996 by Stockwell R.G is a simple and popular technique for the time–frequency analysis. It has been introduced in optical three-dimensional shape measurement, recently. In this paper, a study about applications of S-transform in the demodulation of deformed fringe patterns is performed. We focus on discussing not only the S-transform spectrum filtering technique, the S-transform ridge technique and the phase gradient calculation method based on S-transform used in fringe pattern demodulation, but also the phase unwrapping technique. In addition, a generalized S-transform was introduced to analyze fringe patterns, which is helpful to improve the measurement accuracy and flexibility of the method based on S-transform. The reconstruction results based on S-transform were compared with that on wavelet transform and windowed Fourier transform in fringe analysis.     

Successive coordination of palladium(II)-ions and terpyridine-ligands to a pyridyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer on gold

The deposition of palladium on a novel, reversibly protonatable, pyridyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer on gold substrates has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS spectroscopy) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For this purpose, 12-(pyridin-4-yl)dodecane-1-thiol, consisting of a surface-active head group, an unfunctionalized hydrocarbon backbone and a terminal pyridyl group, has been synthesized and deposited on gold surfaces. Coordination of Pd(II) ions to the pyridyl group was examined. Furthermore, a reversible protonation/deprotonation cycle has been applied, and the relation between protonation and the amount of complexed palladium was studied. Investigation of the SAM by angle-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy revealed the aliphatic backbone to be preferentially upright oriented with the aromatic head group being not preferentially oriented. The palladium layer was further coordinated with a CF₃-labeled terpyridine ligand in order to prove the accessibility of the Pd(II) ions to further complexation and the platform useful for deposition of further layers toward a multi-layered system.     

The influence of Eu3+ doping on photoluminescent properties of red emitting phosphor YInGe2O7:Eu3+ by microwave assisted and conventional sintering method

This paper describes an investigation of the crystalline morphology and photoluminescent properties of YInGe₂O₇ powders doped with different Eu³⁺ concentrations using microwave assisted sintering and conventional sintering. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic YInGe₂O₇ structure as YInGe₂O₇:Eu³⁺ powders were sintered at 1200 °C in microwave furnace for 1 h, and the raw material phase of Y₂O₃ was observed when Eu³⁺ concentration was below 30 mol%. Scanning electron microscopy showed microwave assisted sintering results in smaller particle size and more uniform grain size distribution. In the photoluminescent (PL) studies, the concentration quenching effect was observed under the excitation at 393 nm, but not under the excitation at CTS band. The ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition (620 nm), exhibits a non-exponential decay behavior as YInGe₂O₇:Eu³⁺ powders were sintered by microwave with the Eu³⁺ concentration higher than 50 mol%.     

Tm3+/Yb3+ ∶LaF3纳米体系中掺杂Yb3+ 离子对Tm3+ 离子荧光发射的影响

为研究Yb³⁺离子浓度变化对Tm³⁺离子在蓝色波段荧光强度的影响,以NaF和La(NO₃)₃为原料,采用水热法制备了Tm³⁺和Yb³⁺共掺的Tm³⁺/ Yb³⁺∶LaF₃纳米颗粒.用X射线衍射对LaF₃纳米颗粒进行表征的结果显示,纳米晶体结构呈六方相.透射电镜的观测结果显示,纳米颗粒样品大小均匀、分散性良好.在波长为800 nm的激光激发下,观测到了上转换蓝光发射,其中包括波长为474 nm和479 nm的较强的荧光辐射(相应的跃迁为1G4→3H6)和波长位于450 nm的强度较弱的荧光发射(相应的跃迁为1D2→3F4).通过观测不同Yb³⁺离子浓度条件下共掺Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺∶LaF₃样品的荧光光谱,研究了Yb³⁺离子掺杂浓度对于Tm³⁺离子的荧光发射的影响,并探讨了产生这种现象的原因.研究结果显示,对于1G4→3H6跃迁产生的荧光发射(474 nm),当Yb³⁺离子浓度增大时,反向能量传递速率的增加导致了荧光强度的增大.然而,当Yb³⁺离子浓度增大到一定程度时,Yb³⁺离子激发态能级寿命的减少将引发荧光强度的下降.相比较而言,Yb³⁺离子的浓度的变化对于1D2→3F4跃迁产生的位于450 nm处荧光强度的影响较弱.     

应用可见/近红外光谱技术快速检测果珍中二氧化钛的含量

为了实现快速检测果珍中的二氧化钛含量,提出了应用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学的快速检测方法。研究采用了320份果珍样本进行光谱特性的检测,其中200个样本用来建模,120个样本进行预测。首先比较了标准正态变量校正(SNV)、变量标准化(Normalize)、多元散射校正(MSC)等6种不同的数据预处理方法对偏最小二乘法(PLS)建模预测效果的影响。然后将PLS模型与应用主成分(PC)建立的主成分-神经网络校正(PC-ANN)模型进行比较。结果表明,MSC预处理的效果最好,PLS模型的最佳主成分数为7,预测值与标准值的相关系数R2达0.900 8,预测标准误差RMSEP为0.05。PC-ANN模型预测值与标准值的R2为0.868 4,RMSEP为0.04。说明PLS模型比PC-ANN模型的预测效果好。同时本研究也说明能够应用可见/近红外技术对二氧化钛进行快速定量测定。     

Fringe skeletonizing using an improved derivative sign binary method

A modified derivative sign binary method is proposed to extract fringe skeletons from interferometric fringe patterns. A fringe direction map ranging from 0° to 360° is obtained with an unambiguous relationship between the grayscale and fringe tangent direction. Using this approach, the derivative sign binary map is detected without a fringe direction jump. The dark (light) fringe intensity minimum (maximum) can be extracted automatically to define fringe skeletons. In addition, two different anisotropic one-dimensional filters are described that can be used for further improving the fringe quality. Examples are provided for a holographic interferogram and a Moiré fringe pattern to illustrate applications and benefits of the approach.