Luftschutz durch künstlichen Nebel

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Die Dispersoidchemie der Hartmetalle

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Luminescence Enhancement from Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticle Agglomerates Following Multi-photon Excitation

Multi-photon absorption induced luminescence (MAIL) from bare gold nanoparticles, silica-coated particles, as well as silica-coated agglomerated gold nanoparticles suspended in aqueous solution was studied by using time-resolved and steady-state luminescence spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were excited by femtosecond pulses of wavelengths ranging from 630 nm to 900 nm. The luminescence from the particles exhibits a broad spectrum in the UV and VIS region. The time-resolved measurements indicate a luminescence lifetime of a few ps, limited by the response of the experimental system. The studied dependence of the MAIL efficiency on the excitation wavelength showed that the luminescence from silica-coated agglomerates was enhanced over the whole range of excitation wavelengths, when compared to the luminescence from individual gold nanoparticles. The agglomerates show an almost excitation wavelength independent efficiency of the MAIL, while for individual nanoparticles a rapid decrease of the MAIL efficiency was observed with increasing excitation wavelength. The observed enhancement of the MAIL from the agglomerated nanostructures can be attributed to the presence of localized surface plasmon resonances in the spectral region corresponding to the excitation wavelengths. The high MAIL efficiency from the agglomerated nanoparticle structures in the near-infrared could be an advantage in the expanding field of luminescence-based-imaging, as well as in biosensor technology.     

Properties of the πh_(9/2)  νi_(13/2) band in odd-odd ~(188)Au

A new rotational band has been identified and assigned to 188Au for the first time using the 173Yb(19F,4nγ) reaction at the beam energies of 86 and 90 MeV. This band is proposed to be built on the πh9/2  νi13/2 configuration by comparing the band properties with known bands in neighboring nuclei. The prolate-to-oblate shape transition through triaxial shape has been proposed to occur around 188Au for the πh9/2  νi13/2 bands in odd-odd Au isotopes on the basis of total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations.     

Simulation-based optimisation of wastewater flow and composition for on-site treatment in the food and beverage industry utilising reference nets in combination with genetic algorithms

This study introduces the concept of computer modelling and simulation of complex bioprocesses and systems using an approach that combines the reference net formalism with machine learning and optimisation techniques. Reference nets are an extension of high level Petri Nets, which can be used as a central visualisation and modelling tool. The net-in-net paradigm used by reference nets makes it possible to model complex processes, such as those found in the food and beverage industry. A plugin/interface system based on the java programming language allows implementation of advanced mathematical modelling techniques at specific points in entire system simulations. Separate optimisation tools can also run and modify existing reference net models for fast solutions to efficiency problems. We present an example system that simulates a specific section of a beer brewery using the reference net formalism, which is optimised using a genetic algorithm. We show in detail how the different software packages can be combined for a simulation based optimisation approach. The optimisation technique specifically addresses the wastewater pollution load in regard to its chemical oxygen demand. A beer brewery was chosen as an example for this study due to the constantly increasing requirements to lower energy and water consumption in this industry. One possibility to lower the energy and water demands is to effectively treat wastewater produced by the brewery, which can introduce cost savings by providing recycled water and biogas. Most approaches to wastewater treatment are end-of-pipe solutions that do not consider the brewery as a whole. A brewery contains many processes that can be running concurrently and interacting with one another (e.g. brewing, clean-in-place and bottling) with each process producing varying amounts of wastewater with different pollution loads. Optimisation of the scheduling of the different processes with respect to the wastewater production will allow for more effective wastewater treatment, and therefore cost and energy savings. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Preservation of the Pt(100) surface reconstruction after growth of a continuous layer of graphene

Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that a layer of graphene can be grown on the hex-reconstructed Pt(100) surface and that the reconstruction is preserved after growth. A continuous sheet of graphene can be grown across domain boundaries and step edges without loss of periodicity or change in direction. Density functional theory calculations on a simple model system support the observation that the graphene can have different rotation angles relative to the hex-reconstructed Pt surface. The graphene sheet direction can be changed by incorporating pentagon-heptagon defects giving rise to accommodation of edge dislocations. The defect formation energy and the induced buckling of the graphene have been characterized by DFT calculations.     

低钠盐及其化验研究

介绍了低钠盐对人体的作用，对低钠盐的定性和定量分析方法进行了研究，包括：低钠盐中镁离子和钾离子的鉴定，用EDTA滴定法测定低钠盐中镁含量和用间接滴定法测定低钠盐中钾含量。     

Analysis of surface layers of an iron axe from Early Medieval Age

An ancient axe from Early Medieval Age which was unearthed on a territory of the archaeological excavation site near the village Borovce (Slovakia) is investigated. The surface of the axe was supposed to be covered with a sort of glassy system. Mössbauer effect measurements performed in backscattering and transmission geometry upon original as well as powdered pieces of the axe confirmed that the surface layers of the axe consist of goethite, lepidocrite, akageneite, and/or magnetite. After temperature treatment at 400°C/100 min hematite and maghemite were found; these are products of thermal decomposition of the above mentioned iron phases. These findings ruled out the hypothesis that the surface covering substance was put on the axe by intention.