Streuung elektromagnetischer Wellen an einer rauhen Oberfläche

Mar?elja's theory of a superconductor without long-range order is cast in a microscopic form. As a consequence, it is found that such a superconductor is gapless. Therefore, measurements of the tunneling density of states should provide a test of this theory.     

Binary fission in Tb and Ag by 600 MeV protons

The binary fission process in ¹⁵⁹Tb and ^natAg induced by 600 MeV protons has been investigated yielding fission cross sections (1.9 and 1.0 mb, respectively) and mean values of the total kinetic energies (100 and 62 MeV, respectively).     

Mass yields in the binary fission of Ag,La and Tb

The mass distributions from the binary fission of Ag, La and Tb induced by 600 MeV protons are presented. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of macroscopic theories, in particular the version of the liquid drop model including dynamical and statistical effects.     

Theoretical prediction of maxima in association constants for complex formation between flavin mononucleotide and indoleacetate in the presence of polyelectrolytes

The effects of ionene polymers (6,3-ionene, 6,6-ionene, 6,8-ionene, and 6,12-ionene) with various charge densities upon association constants K for the complexation between flavin mononucleotide and indoleacetate have been studied. Except for 6,12-ionene, K increases with increasing polymer concentration then passes through a maximum, and declines at high polymer concentrations. The value of the maximum K increases in the order 6,8-ionene > 6,3-ionene > 6,6-ionene. In contrast, 6,12-ionene gives only a monotone increasing curve with increasing polymer concentration. These curves are analyzed using the theory of the partition coefficient proposed in the previous paper. The types of the curves that the theory predicts are classified in greater detail than in the previous paper, and examples are given. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Comparative yields of alkali elements and thallium from uranium irradiated with GeV protons,3He and12C

Mass-separated ion beams of the alkali elements Na, K, and Fr, and of the element Tl, were produced by bombarding a uranium target with 600 MeV protons, 890 MeV³He^{2 +}, and 936 MeV¹²C^{4 +}. Isotopic production yields are reported. In the case of the¹²C beam, these are thick target yields. Absolute cross-sections for the proton beam data were deduced by normalizing the delay-time corrected yield curves to measured cross-sections. For products farthest away from stability, the³He^{2 +} beam generally gives the highest yields.     

Mobile Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar based on double-edge technique

<正>We describe a mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar(DWL) based on double-edge technique for wind measurement of altitudes ranging from 10 to 40 km.A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to determine the Doppler shift proportional to the wind velocity.The lidar operates at 355 nm with a 45-cm-aperture telescope and a matching azimuth-over-elevation scanner that provides full hemispherical pointing.To guarantee wind accuracy,a single servo loop is used to monitor the outgoing laser frequency to remove inaccuracies due to the frequency drift of the laser or the etalon.The standard deviation of the outgoing laser frequency drift is 6.18 MHz and the corresponding velocity error is 1.11 m/s.The wind profiles measured by the DWL are in good agreement with the results of the wind profile radar(WPR).Evaluation is achieved by comparing at altitudes from 2 to 8 km.The relative error of horizontal wind speed is from 0.8 to 1.8 m/s in the compared ranges.The wind accuracy is less than 6 m/s at 40 km and 3 m/s at 10 km.     

In situ observation of cell-detachment process initiated by femtosecond laser-induced stress wave

When a stress wave generated by focusing a femtosecond laser is loaded on an animal cell adhered on a substrate, the cell is detached from the substrate. There are two possible mechanisms for the cell detachment: (a) The cell is detached from a scaffold coated on a glass plate, and (b) the cell is detached from the glass plate with the scaffold. In this work, we have studied the cell-detachment mechanism by visualizing the scaffold with a fluorescence probe of quantum dots. When the cell was detached from the substrate, fluorescence from the scaffold simultaneously disappeared from the glass plate, although the scaffold was not irradiated by the laser. This indicates that detachment due to the stress wave is attributed to mechanism (a). On the other hand, when the cell was detached from the substrate by a trypsin treatment, the fluorescence from the scaffold remained, suggesting mechanism (b). By comparing both results, it is considered that physiological damage of the cell membrane during the detachment process by femtosecond laser-induced stress wave is less than that due to the trypsin treatment.     

A kinetic model for polytropic gases with internal energy

We consider a mixture of N ideal, polytropic gases. Each species is described by a distribution function f_i(t, x, v, I) ≥ 0, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, defined on , and its evolution is governed by a Boltzmann-type equation. In order to recover the energy law of polytropic gases, the authors of [4] proposed a kinetic model in the framework of a weighted L¹ space. Another approach has been developed in [3] in the context of polyatomic gases. Following this previous lead, our model provides a L² framework in both variables v and I, to eventually perform a mathematical study of the diffusion asymptotics, as it was done in [2] for a model without energy exchange. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis,characterization and cytotoxic activity of organoruthenium(II)-halido complexes with 5-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylic acid

Three new ruthenium(II)-arene halido complexes, [(η⁶-p-cymene) RuX(L)] (1–3), were synthesized in a reaction of [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuX₂]₂ with 5-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylic acid (HL) in ethanol (X^– = Cl^– (1), Br^– (2), I^– (3)). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the ligand precursor and its ruthenium complexes was tested by MTT assay in human cancer cell lines: lung adenocarcinoma (A549), myelogenous leukemia (K562) as well as in one normal human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The results show that ruthenium(II)-arene complexes possess enhanced cytotoxicity when compared to HL in the range of concentrations up to 300 µM. In terms of halido ligand substitution, cytotoxic activity toward A549 and K562 cell lines in 1–3 serie significantly increased (e.g., IC₅₀ values for K562: 1: 205.76 µM; 2: 174.77 µM; 3: 83.97 µM). All studied compounds were found to be ineffective toward MRC-5. Hydrolysis of 1–3 was followed by UV-vis spectroscopy at 25?°C, revealing ligand-substitution reactions at the Ru(II) center. Compounds 2 and 3 underwent rapid hydrolysis ranging from a few minutes for the aquation to ca. 20?min, confirming typical Ru-arene behavior in aqueous solutions.