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91.
Michal PellachJenny Goldshtein Ofra Ziv-PolatShlomo Margel 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2012,228(1):60-67
Fluorescent nanoparticles continue to be of wide interest, as they have many advantages over single fluorescent molecules for biological imaging and sensing applications, such as increased fluorescence intensity and reduced photobleaching. In the following work, styrene was copolymerised with a newly synthesised, fluorescein-based, vinylic crosslinking monomer, by emulsion polymerisation, to create a series of different sized fluorescent nanoparticles (35-100 nm), each of narrow size-distribution. The particles were found to be highly fluorescent and with lower photobleaching compared to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), offering an attractive alternative. The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were recorded, being similar to fluorescein, but with interesting variation in the excitation spectra. The particles also have a wide range of potential uses, such as examining particle uptake activity of a macrophage cell line, also demonstrated. The nanoparticles were coated with albumin to provide functionality for potential conjugation to biological targeting agents. 相似文献
92.
We have studied the effect of interface heterogeneity on fracture, at both local and global scales. The single cantilever beam adhesion test was used to investigate interfacial fracture between polycarbonate plates and an elastic/fragile epoxy adhesive. Two surface treatments were applied to a (given) polycarbonate plate giving zones of strong and weak adhesion parallel to the crack direction. Calculated fracture energies differed from those expected from a simple rule-of-mixtures. A perturbation method, proposed by Rice, was used and results compared with crack fronts observed in situ. The technique was applied successfully but the difference in values of stress intensity factor between the zones was found substantially different from the experimental value. In an attempt to explain discrepancies, specimens with discontinuous crack fronts (adhesive and/or plates severed along the strong/weak adhesion frontier) were tested. Good agreement was found with the rule-of-mixtures predictions raising questions about the role of crack front continuity in load transfer. 相似文献
93.
Kornelia Indykiewicz Marcin Hajłasz Bogdan Paszkiewicz 《Central European Journal of Physics》2013,11(2):219-225
This paper presents the methods of fabricating narrow parallel submicrometric stripes in silicon dioxide and a resist layer. The experiments were conducted by two techniques: double patterning lithography and double exposure lithography. In addition to the above mentioned processes, mask translation was applied. For all conducted experiments, chrome masks and a 405 nm line of the high pressure mercury lamp of an MA-56 Mask Aligner System were used. The main aim of the performed tests was to establish the utility and the possible applications of the methods used. 相似文献
94.
95.
Michal Achmatowicz Agnieszka Szczepańska Daniel T. Gryko Piotr Salański Janusz Jurczak 《Supramolecular chemistry》2013,25(1):93-95
Abstract Bisamidation of oxaloyl chloride using L-amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides afforded chiral diesters. The following reactions of diesters with 2,2-(ethylene-dioxy)diethylamine, afforded tetramides possessing C2 symmetry. Coupling of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine with 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane, followed by cleavage of protecting groups, afforded an optically active diamine, which was transformed consequently into tetramide via the reaction with diglycolic acid dimethyl ester under high pressure conditions. 相似文献
96.
Kamila Kalachova Jana Pulkrabova Tomas Cajka Lucie Drabova Michal Stupak Jana Hajslova 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(24):7803-7815
A new method for rapid determination of 73 target organic environmental contaminants including 18 polychlorinated biphenyls, 16 organochlorinated pesticides, 14 brominated flame retardants and 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and fish feed using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was developed and validated. GC–MS/MS in electron ionization mode was shown to be a powerful tool for the (ultra)trace analysis of multiclass environmental contaminants in complex matrices, providing measurements with high selectivity and sensitivity. Another positive aspect characterizing the newly developed method is a substantial simplification of the sample preparation, which was achieved by an ethyl acetate QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) based extraction followed by silica minicolumn clean-up. With use of this sample preparation approach the sample laboratory throughput was increased not only because six samples may be prepared in approximately 1 h, but also because all the above-mentioned groups of contaminants can be determined in a single GC–MS/MS run. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries of all target analytes in both matrices were within the range from 70 to 120 % and the repeatabilities were 20 % or less. The method quantification limits were in the range from 0.005 to 1 μg kg–1 and from 0.05 to 10 μg kg–1 for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of halogenated persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and fish feed samples. 相似文献
97.
Robert Jirásko Tomáš Mikysek Vitaliy Chagovets Ivan Vokřál Michal Holčapek 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(23):7181-7193
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-mass-accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS–MS) has been used for elucidation of the structures of oxidation products of atorvastatin (AT), one of the most popular commercially available drugs. The purpose of the study was identification of AT metabolites in rat hepatocytes and comparison with electrochemically generated oxidation products. AT was incubated with rat hepatocytes for 24 h. Electrochemical oxidation of AT was performed by use of a three-electrode off-line system with a glassy carbon working electrode. Three supporting electrolytes (0.1 mol L?1 H2SO4, 0.1 mol L?1 HCl, and 0.1 mol L?1 NaCl) were tested, and dependence on pH was also investigated. AT undergoes oxidation by a single irreversible process at approximately +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. The results obtained revealed a simple and relatively fast way of determining the type of oxidation and its position, on the basis of characteristic neutral losses (NLs) and fragment ions. Unfortunately, different products were obtained by electrochemical oxidation and biotransformation of AT. High-mass-accuracy measurement combined with different UHPLC–MS–MS scans, for example reconstructed ion-current chromatograms, constant neutral loss chromatograms, or exact mass filtering, enable rapid identification of drug-related compounds. β-Oxidation, aromatic hydroxylation of the phenylaminocarbonyl group, sulfation, AT lactone and glycol formation were observed in rat biotransformation samples. In contrast, a variety of oxidation reactions on the conjugated skeleton of isopropyl substituent of AT were identified as products of electrolysis. Figure
Chemical structure of atorvastatin (AT) composed of four main parts assigned as A, B, C and D including the list of identified oxidation reactions for both electrochemical and in vitro experiments 相似文献
98.
Ondřej Rudolf Michal Rouchal Antonín Lyčka Antonín Klásek 《Helvetica chimica acta》2013,96(10):1905-1917
3‐Alkyl/aryl‐3‐hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones were reduced with NaBH4 to give cis‐3‐alkyl/aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐3,4‐dihydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones. These compounds were subjected to pinacol rearrangement by treatment with concentrated H2SO4, resulting in 4‐alkyl/aryl‐3‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones. When a benzyl (Bn) group was present in position 3 of the starting compound, its elimination occurred during the rearrangement, and the corresponding 3‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one was formed. The reaction mechanisms are discussed for all transformations. All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry. 相似文献
99.
Ondřej Rudolf Vladimír Mrkvička Antonín Lyčka Michal Rouchal Antonín Klásek 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2013,50(Z1):E100-E110
3‐Chloroquinoline‐2,4‐diones do not react with phosphoryl chloride, however, 2,4‐dichloroquinolines and/or 4‐chloroquinolin‐2‐ones are formed in the presence of N,N‐dimethylaniline. Along with these compounds, small quantities of novel dihydrogen phosphates of 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2‐ones were isolated. We outline a simple procedure that allows for the preparation of these compounds in moderate to good yields. All compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, EI‐MS, and ESI‐MS spectroscopy, and in select cases by 31P NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
100.
Jana Balintová Medard Plucnara Pavlína Vidláková Dr. Radek Pohl Dr. Luděk Havran Prof. Dr. Miroslav Fojta Prof. Dr. Michal Hocek 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(38):12720-12731
Benzofurazane has been attached to nucleosides and dNTPs, either directly or through an acetylene linker, as a new redox label for electrochemical analysis of nucleotide sequences. Primer extension incorporation of the benzofurazane‐modified dNTPs by polymerases has been developed for the construction of labeled oligonucleotide probes. In combination with nitrophenyl and aminophenyl labels, we have successfully developed a three‐potential coding of DNA bases and have explored the relevant electrochemical potentials. The combination of benzofurazane and nitrophenyl reducible labels has proved to be excellent for ratiometric analysis of nucleotide sequences and is suitable for bioanalytical applications. 相似文献