大型海湾水交换计算中随机游动方法的应用研究

水交换矩阵是反映大型海湾不同子区域之间水交换关系的有效工具,该文对随机游动方法在水交换矩阵计算中的应用进行了研究．通过与对流扩散模型的对比,指出用随机游动方法计算水交换矩阵比用对流扩散方程求解更快更灵活．同时,为了对不同区域之间的水交换特性进行长期快速预测,采用了Thompson提出的预测矩阵方法．通过理论分析得出,影响该矩阵预测效果的因素主要有:粒子数目、分区数和预测矩阵取值时间．以一个矩形海湾为例,将数值模拟结果和预测矩阵预测结果进行对比,分析了以上各因素对预测效果的影响．结果表明,粒子数目越多,预测矩阵取值时间越长,预测矩阵的预测效果越好．在粒子数目足够多的情形下,分区数越多,预测效果越好．相反,粒子数目如果较少,过多的分区数将可能导致预测矩阵效果太差而不可用．     

基于VOF方法的带相变的自由界面的计算

对于气液自由界面上存在相变(蒸发、沸腾或凝结)的情况,由于此时不仅物性分布是不连续的,速度场也发生了不连续,这无论对于捕捉或追踪自由界面的算法本身还是流场的求解都带来了一定的困难.本文提出一种基于VOF方法的计算带相变的自由界面的算法,对这种情况下的关键问题一速度场的不连续性给出了解决方法.并用编制的二维程序计算了水平壁面上的膜态沸腾,并将计算结果与理论公式进行了比较.     

Formation of Ultrafine Apatite Fibers by Sol-gel/Electrospinning

Ultrafine apatite fibers were prepared by electrospinning of sol-gel precursor/poly（ vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP） solutions followed by subsequent calcination. The as-electrospun and calcinated fibers were observed under a scanning electron microscope and an optical polarizing microscope. Results show that the morphology and the diameter of as-electrospun fibers strongly depend on the viscosity and the surface tension of sol-gel precursor/PVP solutions. After calcination, the smooth as-electrospun fibers shrink and the fiber diameter decreases because of the removal of the polymer. The chemical evolution upon the transformation of the precursor from a gel to the final apatite fibers was investigated by thermogravimetric-differenfial thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is thus suggested that the crystalline structure of the calcined fibers is largely influenced by the calcination temperature. After being calcined at 600 ℃, the apatite fibers with a diameter of about 280 nm containing β-tricalcium phosphate were obtained.     

正电子慢化体的研究和进展

正电子湮没技术是一种研究材料的微观缺陷和相变的灵敏工具,在通常的正电子谱仪中,正电子能量为MeV量级,在样品中注入深度比较学（－100μm）,主要研究材料体内的平均缺陷密度,慢正电子束方法把正电子的能量降低为keV量级（而且可以调节）,注入比较浅（－μm）,所以是研究表面缺陷的探测手段,正电子慢化体是产生慢正电子的关键设备,对其研究有重要意义,文章综述了慢化体研究的历史和现状,从物理概念出发介绍使正电子慢化的四种可能方法和当今慢化体的五种几何排列方法,其中应用最广泛的是钨慢化体和百叶窗式的排列方式,效率最高的是惰性气体固体慢化体,而加电场慢化体是有待开发的高效慢化体。     

大口径轻型红外扫描镜技术的研究

分析了大口径轻型红外扫描镜国内研制的必要性。讨论了国内的研制方案。研究了关键技术的现状 ,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

Transmutation of nuclear wastes using photonuclear reactions triggered by Compton backscattering photons at the Shanghai laser electrongamma source

Based on the facility of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS),the transmutation for nuclear wastes such as 137Cs and 129I is investigated.It is found that nuclear waste can be transmuted efficiently via photonuclear reaction triggered by gamma photons generated from Compton backscattering between CO2 laser photons and 3.5 GeV electrons.The nuclear activities of 137Cs and 129I are evaluated and compared with the results of transmutation triggered by bremsstrahlung gamma photons driven by ultra intense laser.Due to the better character of gamma photon spectrum as well as the high brightness of gamma photons,the transmutation rate of Compton backscattering method is much higher than that of the bremsstrahlung method.     

Eavesdropping on Quantum Secure Direct Communication with W State in Noisy Channel

Security of the quantum secure direct communication protocol （i.e., the C-S QSDC protocol） recently proposed by Cao and Song [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 （2006） 290] is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel noise. The eavesdropping scheme is presented, which reveals that the C-S QSDC protocol is not secure if the quantum bit error rate （QBER） caused by quantum channel noise is higher than 4.17%. Our eavesdropping scheme induces about 4.17% QBER for those check qubits. However, such QBER can be hidden in the counterpart induced by the noisy quantum channel if the eavesdropper Eve replaces the original noisy channel by an ideal one. Furthermore, if the QBER induced by quantum channel noise is lower than 4.17%, then in the eavesdropping scheme Eve still can eavesdrop part of the secret messages by safely attacking a fraction of the transmitted qubits. Finally, an improvement on the C-S QSDC protocol is put forward.     

Effect of Support on Catalytic Performance of Photothermal Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis to Produce Lower Olefins over Fe5C2-based Catalysts

Photothermal Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS) has been extensively studied, but few reports were focused on systematically exploring the influence of support on catalytic performance. Herein, a series of Fe₅C₂-based catalysts with different supports was fabricated via a one-step wet-chemical method for photothermal conversion of syngas to lower olefins. Under light irradiation, the optimized Fe₅C₂/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst demonstrated remarkable photothermal FTS activity, delivering selectivity to lower olefins of 50.3% with a CO conversion rate of 52.5%. Characterization studies using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis revealed that the active catalyst mainly contained Fe₅C₂ nanoparticles on α-Al₂O₃ support. It was found that the weak interaction between active phase and α-Al₂O₃ could promote the formation of Fe₅C₂, which contributed to the high selectivity to lower olefins.     

流体静压力对高简并砷化镓P-N结某些参数的影响

本文报导了在流体静压力18000kg/cm²范围内,高简并砷化镓P-N结峯值电流l_p,谷值电流l_v,峯值电压V_p,谷值电压V_v,指数过剩电流I_x等参数随压力变化的实验结果。分析了峯值电压V_p随压力P的增加按指数规律显著减小,以及指数过剩电流I_x的斜率S=(dlnI_x)/dV随压力P的增加而增加等实验结果。分析的     

长期事件研究方法论——一个综述

本文对国外长期事件研究方法论文献进行了全面的梳理,并着重介绍和分析了期望收益模型(或收益基准)选择、异常收益度量,以及检验统计量的设定与检验力等。研究发现,在各期望收益模型、两种度量异常收益方法—AAR(或CAR)与BHAR的选择,以及各检验统计量是否存在错误设定等问题上,国外学界并未达成共识,争论仍在继续。