A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for tracking Cu(I) fluctuation in endoplasmic reticulum

Science China Chemistry - A two-photon ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Cu+ in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), CNSB, was developed via coumarin/ASBD integration based on FRET mechanism. In solution,...     

重氮化合物转化中的氮基团保留反应研究进展

重氮化合物是一类非常重要的有机合成中间体, 它在有机合成化学以及药物设计研发、化学生物学、材料化学等领域具有重要的应用价值. 传统的重氮化合物的转化反应类型包括了Wolff重排, 经由过渡金属卡宾或者类卡宾中间体的插入反应, 催化的环丙烷化反应, 以及近年来发展的过渡金属催化的经由卡宾中间体的交叉偶联反应等. 重氮化合物除了发生作为卡宾前体的经典反应之外, 它们还可以经由氮基团保留的转化过程, 在目标分子中保留重氮基团或者其它含氮原子的官能团. 该种策略提供了一种高效而选择性地构筑含氮功能分子、尤其是官能化的氮杂环的合成途径. 其中, 不对称的C-N键的选择性构筑, 以及不对称的氮杂环分子的组装, 仍然具有重要的合成价值和重大的挑战意义. 本篇综述根据反应的机理和类型, 将这部分研究工作分为六部分内容进行介绍.     

Carbon Quantum Dots Bridged TiO2/CdIn2S4 toward Photocatalytic Upgrading of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Benzaldehyde

Conversion of hazardous compounds to value-added chemicals using clean energy possesses massive industrial interest. This applies especially to the hazardous compounds that are frequently released in daily life. In this work, a S-scheme photocatalyst is optimized by rational loading of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) during the synthetic process. As a bridge, the presence of CQDs between TiO₂ and CdIn₂S₄ improves the electron extraction from TiO₂ and supports the charge transport in S-scheme. Thanks to this, the TiO₂/CQDs/CdIn₂S₄ presents outstanding photoactivity in converting the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released by cigarette to value-added benzaldehyde. The optimized photocatalyst performs 87.79% conversion rate and 72.76% selectivity in 1 h reaction under a simulated solar source, as confirmed by FT-IR and GC-MS. A combination of experiments and theoretical calculations are conducted to demonstrate the role of CQDs in TiO₂/CQDs/CdIn₂S₄ toward photocatalysis.     

Rooting MnO2 nanosheet on carbon nanoboxes as efficient catalytic host for lithium–sulfur battery

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is one of the most promising energy storage systems for its ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 2600 Wh kg−1....     

构建本科化学类专业特色培养方案改革与实践

构建科学且具有自我特色的专业培养方案是保障本科生培养质量的先决条件。本文结合四川大学化学学院2018级本科人才培养方案的改革与修订,从明确人才培养目标、确立专业特色和优势、改革人才培养模式及建设特色教学课程体系等方面着手,总结和提出了如何建设具有专业特色和优势人才培养方案的基本思路,对相关专业培养方案设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Effective prediction of bacterial type IV secreted effectors by combined features of both C-termini and N-termini

Various bacterial pathogens can deliver their secreted substrates also called as effectors through type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) into host cells and cause diseases. Since T4SS secreted effectors (T4SEs) play important roles in pathogen-host interactions, identifying them is crucial to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of T4SSs. A few computational methods using machine learning algorithms for T4SEs prediction have been developed by using features of C-terminal residues. However, recent studies have shown that targeting information can also be encoded in the N-terminal region of at least some T4SEs. In this study, we present an effective method for T4SEs prediction by novelly integrating both N-terminal and C-terminal sequence information. First, we collected a comprehensive dataset across multiple bacterial species of known T4SEs and non-T4SEs from literatures. Then, three types of distinctive features, namely amino acid composition, composition, transition and distribution and position-specific scoring matrices were calculated for 50 N-terminal and 100 C-terminal residues. After that, we employed information gain represent to rank the importance score of the 150 different position residues for T4SE secretion signaling. At last, 125 distinctive position residues were singled out for the prediction model to classify T4SEs and non-T4SEs. The support vector machine model yields a high receiver operating curve of 0.916 in the fivefold cross-validation and an accuracy of 85.29% for the independent test set.     

Giant Enhancement of Second Harmonic Generation Accompanied by the Structural Transformation of 7‐Fold to 8‐Fold Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Interpenetration in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an intriguing phenomenon with significant impacts on their properties, and functional applications. Herein, we show that a 7‐fold interpenetrated MOF ( 1 ) is transformed into an 8‐fold interpenetrated MOF by the loss of DMF in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner. This is accompanied by a giant enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG ca. 125 times) and two‐photon photoluminescence (ca. 14 times). The strengthened π–π interaction between the individual diamondoid networks and intensified oscillator strength of the molecules aid the augment of dipole moments and boost the nonlinear optical conversion efficiency. Large positive and negative thermal expansions of 1 occur at 30–150 °C before the loss of DMF. These results offer an avenue to manipulate the NLO properties of MOFs using interpenetration and provide access to tunable single‐crystal NLO devices.     

Computer-assisted prediction of pesticide substructure using mass spectra

Mass spectral classifiers of 16 substructures that are present in basic structures of pesticides have been investigated to assist pesticide residues analysis as well as screening of pesticide lead compounds. Mass spectral data are first transformed into 396 features, and then Genetic Algorithm-Partial Least Squares (GA-PLS) as a feature selection method and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a validation method are implemented together to get an optimization feature set for each substructure. At last, a statistical method which is AdaBoost algorithm combined with Classification and Regression Tree (AdaBoost-CART) is trained to predict the 16 substructures presence/absence using the optimization mass spectral feature set. It is demonstrated that the optimum feature sets can be used to predict the 16 pesticide substructures presence/absence with mostly 85-100% in recognition success rate instead of the original 396 features.     

A boundary perturbation interior point homotopy method for solving fixed point problems

In this paper, a boundary perturbation interior point homotopy method is proposed to give a constructive proof of the general Brouwer fixed point theorem and thus solve fixed point problems in a class of nonconvex sets. Compared with the previous results, by using the newly proposed method, initial points can be chosen in the whole space of Rn, which may improve greatly the computational efficiency of reduced predictor-corrector algorithms resulted from that method. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the results of this paper.