Coinage metal complexes of 2-diphenylphosphino-3-methylindole

Coordination of P,N indolyl-phosphine ligands to Au(I), Ag(I) and Cu(I) metal ions under weakly basic conditions results in easy deprotonation of the indolyl N-H function and effective formation of a family of homo- and heterobimetallic complexes MM'(PPh(2)C(9)H(7)N)(2) (M = M' = Au (2), Ag (5); M = Au, M' = Cu (3), Ag (4)). The latter (4) exists as an inseparable mixture of four different complexes, which are in equilibrium driven by slow dynamics. The reaction of silver(I) and copper(I) ions with PPh(2)(C(9)H(8)N) affords a rare tetranuclear Z-shaped cluster Ag(2)Cu(2)(PPh(2)C(9)H(7)N)(4) (6), which exhibits red luminescence in solid state (650 nm) and a weak dual emission in solution with the main component in the near-IR region (746 nm).     

On the spline collocation method for the single layer equation related to time-fractional diffusion

The boundary element spline collocation method is studied for the time-fractional diffusion equation in a bounded two-dimensional domain. We represent the solution as the single layer potential which leads to a Volterra integral equation of the first kind. We discretize the boundary integral equation with the spline collocation method on uniform meshes both in spatial and time variables. In the stability analysis we utilize the Fourier analysis technique developed for anisotropic pseudodifferential equations. We prove that the collocation solution is quasi-optimal under some stability condition for the mesh parameters. We have to assume that the mesh parameter in time satisfies (h_t=c h^\frac2a)(h_t=c h^{\frac{2}{\alpha}}), where (h) is the spatial mesh parameter.     

The Use of Carousel Interferometer in Fourier-Transform Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

The carousel interferometer is a new type of an interferometer, which has been invented at the University of Turku. It consists of a beamsplitter and five plane mirrors. Four of the mirrors are mounted on a carousel, which rotates back and forth. We have modified the interferometer for use in the Fourier-transform ultraviolet (FT-UV) spectroscopy. Test measurement with plasma radiation gives favourable results. The most important property, which makes the carousel interferometer suitable for UV measurements, is its good stability in modulation.Presented at 1996 International Workshop on Interferometry (IWI ‘96), August 27–29, Saitama, Japan.     

The effect of structural branching on the efficiency of clause learning SAT solving: An experimental study

The techniques for making decisions (branching) play a central role in complete methods for solving structured instances of propositional satisfiability (SAT). Experimental case studies in specific problem domains have shown that in some cases SAT solvers can determine satisfiability faster if branching in the solver is restricted to a subset of the variables at hand. The underlying idea in these approaches is to prune the search space substantially by restricting branching to strong backdoor sets of variables which guarantee completeness of the search. In this paper we present an extensive experimental evaluation of the effects of structure-based branching restrictions on the efficiency of solving structural SAT instances. Previous work is extended in a number of ways. We study state-of-the-art solver techniques, including clause learning and related heuristics. We provide a thorough analysis of the effect of branching restrictions on the inner workings of the solver, going deeper than merely measuring the solution time. Extending previous studies which have focused on input-restricted branching, we also consider relaxed branching restrictions that are based on underlying structural properties of the variables.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus in vivo and in vitro at an ultra low magnetic field (0.02 T): Assessment of its normal structure and of leiomyomas

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the normal anatomy and leiomyomas of the uterus with an ultra low field (0.02 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. MR imaging was performed on 18 uteri, 11 of which were imaged both preoperatively (in vivo) and as an operative specimen (in vitro), 6 only as an operative specimen, and 1 only preoperatively. All uteri were examined histologically after imaging. The junctional zone was much better delineated in vivo than in vitro, indicating that its appearance on MR is partly due to blood flow. No structures contributing to its visibility in vitro could be demonstrated histologically. Twenty leiomyomas (size range 7–79 mm) in 12 uteri were found with MRI. They were slightly better discerned in vivo than in vitro. The leiomyomas, having no degenerative changes, had a signal intensity which was the same or lower than that of the myometrium. On images obtained in vitro the signal intensity of these leiomyomas relative to that of myometrium correlated directly with their muscular content (R = 0.74, p = .002). The authors conclude that the junctional zone is a sum of physiological and structural factors, the latter being responsible for its in vitro delineation. MR imaging of the uterus in vitro did not give more information than MR imaging in vivo. All leiomyomas larger than 10 mm could be detected, indicating that MR imaging at 0.02 T is an accurate method for the imaging of the uterine leiomyomas.     

Analysis of ALD-processed thin films by ion-beam techniques

This review introduces the possibilities of ion-beam techniques for the analysis of thin films and thin-film structures processed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The characteristic features of ALD are also presented. The analytical techniques discussed include RBS, NRA and ERDA with its variants, viz. the TOF-ERDA and HI-ERDA. The thin film examples are taken from flat-panel display technology (TFEL structures) and the semiconductor industry (high-k insulators).Dedicated to the memory of Wilhelm Fresenius     

Some remarks on an existence problem for degenerate elliptic systems

The system which yields Beltrami's system if , is considered. Under a condition for the coefficients a non-existence theorem is proved.

     

The average hamiltonian view of low-energy scattering by a vibrating molecule

The average hamiltonian theory is used to examine the effect of molecular vibration on low-energy scattering. When the relative motion of the colliding molecules is slow on the timescale of molecular vibration, it is appropriate to transform the problem into an oscillating reference frame and to describe the collision in that frame by the average hamiltonian over one period of oscillation. The first-order result is identical to the distorted-wave Born approximation. High-order corrections introduce phase shifts for elastic scattering due to molecular vibration and provide transition amplitudes for inelastic scattering. The extent to which the higher-order corrections modify the distorted waves establishes criteria for the validity of the DWA. These criteria are used to examine recent distorted-wave calculations of V-V energy transfer rate constants.