全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1735篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1243篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 26篇 |
数学 | 386篇 |
物理学 | 168篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 113篇 |
2011年 | 138篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 80篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 94篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1905年 | 2篇 |
1890年 | 2篇 |
1889年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1824条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Roy Mathias 《Numerische Mathematik》1992,63(1):213-226
LetM
n
denote the space ofn×n matrices. GivenX, ZM
n
define
相似文献
62.
63.
Mathias JM 《OR manager》1992,8(3):1, 20-1, 22
OR Manager is examining sacred cows in the OR--practices blessed by time that do not necessarily improve patient outcomes. We'll give you the information you need to decide whether these sacred cows should be retired. 相似文献
64.
Rancan F Wiehe A Nöbel M Senge MO Omari SA Böhm F John M Röder B 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2005,78(1):17-28
The search for new efficient sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) points to improve photophysical properties like absorption in the red region and singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as to control the localization of the sensitizer within the tumour cell. Depending on their physicochemical properties and their uptake mechanism, sensitizers can reach different intracellular concentrations and localize in different subcellular compartments. Moreover, the preferential localization of a sensitizer in target organelles, like mitochondria or lysosomes, could determine the cell death mechanism after PDT. This study aimed to investigate the influence of substitutions on dihydroxychlorins with regard to intracellular uptake, subcellular localization and cell death pathway. Moreover, the effect of a liposome-based delivery system was tested. The intracellular uptake was found to be strictly dependent on the sensitizer molecular structure and the means of its delivery. The most polar sensitizer in this study (compound 3) had, depending on incubation time, an intracellular concentration 2-8 times higher than the unsubstituted chlorin 1. All investigated photosensitizers localize predominantly in lysosomes but after longer incubation times weak fluorescence intensity was also detected in mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. The cell death pathway was found to be influenced by the sensitizer intracellular concentration and the applied light doses. In general, the increasing amphiphilicity of the sensitizer molecules is correlated with an increased sensitizer uptake and an increased rate of necrotic cells after irradiation. 相似文献
65.
Bianca S. Shemper A. Ersin Acar Lon J. Mathias 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(3):334-343
The copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGM) in solution to produce linear and starlike polymers is reported, using methylethyl ketone as the solvent and a temperature of 80 °C. The ATRP system used was efficient for polymerization of the functionalized monomer without protecting hydroxyl end groups of monomer. The polymerizations were consistent with “living” or controlled processes, as revealed by the linear evolution of molecular weight with conversion. Increasing the [M]0:[I]0 ratio resulted in increasing molecular weights, whereas the polydispersity indices remained low (Mw/Mn < 1.4) even at high conversion. Decreasing the [CuBr]0:[I]0 ratio resulted in lower conversions, slightly larger polydispersities, and decreased molecular weights, likely resulting from a lower initiation efficiency. Polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR; molecular weights of polymers with low degrees of polymerization were estimated by end‐group analysis from 13C NMR spectra obtained using distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and the gated decoupling techniques. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 334–343, 2002 相似文献
66.
We report laser photoelectron spectra of the doubly negatively charged fullerenes C(76) (2-), C(78) (2-), and C(84) (2-) at 2.33, 3.49, and 4.66 eV photon energy. From these spectra, second electron affinities and vertical detachment energies, as well as estimates for the repulsive Coulomb barriers are obtained. These results are discussed in the context of electrostatic models. They reveal that fullerenes are similar to conducting spheres, with electronic properties scaling with their size. The experimental spectra are compared with the accessible excited states of the respective singly charged product ions calculated in the framework of time dependent density functional theory. 相似文献
67.
For point processes we establish a link between integration‐by‐parts‐ and splitting‐formulas which can also be considered as integration‐by‐parts‐formulas of a new type. First we characterize finite Papangelou processes in terms of their splitting kernels. The main part then consists in extending these results to the case of infinitely extended Papangelou and, in particular, Pólya and Gibbs processes. 相似文献
68.
Denise Tofanello Gimenes Polyana Fernandes Pereira Rafael Rodrigues Cunha Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz Eduardo Mathias Richter 《Electroanalysis》2012,24(9):1805-1810
In this study, we describe for the first time the application of an internal standard method to compensate for random errors associated with the injection procedure in batch injection analysis (BIA) systems with multiple pulse amperometric detection. A sequence of potential pulses was selected in such a way that the internal standard (IS) compound was detected individually at one potential pulse and both the IS and analyte, were detected at another potential pulse. The current ratio (IIS+analyte/IIS) was used in the construction of the calibration curve and then to compensate for random errors. The use of disposable syringes or manual pipettes in BIA systems increases the robustness of the method and dispenses with skilled operators. 相似文献
69.
Christian Logemann Daniel Gunzelmann Prof. Dr. Thorsten Klüner Prof. Dr. Jürgen Senker Prof. Dr. Mathias S. Wickleder 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(48):15495-15503
The reactions of group 14 tetrachlorides MCl4 (M=Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO3) at elevated temperatures lead to the unique complex ions [M(S2O7)3]2?, which show the central M atoms in coordination with three chelating S2O72? groups. The mean distances M? O within the anions increase from 175.6(2)–177.5(2) pm (M=Si) to 186.4(4)–187.7(4) pm (M=Ge) to 201.9(2)–203.5(2) pm (M=Sn). These distances are reproduced well by DFT calculations. The same calculations show an increasing positive charge for the central M atom in the row Si, Ge, Sn, which can be interpreted as the decreasing covalency of the M? O bonds. For the silicon compound (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], 29Si solid‐state NMR measurements have been performed, with the results showing a signal at ?215.5 ppm for (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], which is in very good agreement with theoretical estimations. In addition, the vibrational modes within the [MO6] skeleton have been monitored by Raman spectroscopy for selected examples, and are well reproduced by theory. The charge balance for the [M(S2O7)3]2? ions is achieved by monovalent A+ counter ions (A=NH4, Ag), which are implemented in the syntheses in the form of their sulfates. The sizes of the A+ ions, that is, their coordination requirements, cause the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, although the complex [M(S2O7)3]2? ions remain essentially unaffected with the different A+ ions. Furthermore, the nature of the A+ ions influences the thermal behavior of the compounds, which has been monitored for selected examples by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and XRD measurements. 相似文献
|