全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9161篇 |
免费 | 282篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6249篇 |
晶体学 | 93篇 |
力学 | 259篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 1377篇 |
物理学 | 1527篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 84篇 |
2021年 | 93篇 |
2020年 | 169篇 |
2019年 | 130篇 |
2018年 | 90篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 213篇 |
2015年 | 170篇 |
2014年 | 230篇 |
2013年 | 448篇 |
2012年 | 501篇 |
2011年 | 606篇 |
2010年 | 311篇 |
2009年 | 253篇 |
2008年 | 531篇 |
2007年 | 489篇 |
2006年 | 480篇 |
2005年 | 479篇 |
2004年 | 453篇 |
2003年 | 300篇 |
2002年 | 316篇 |
2001年 | 101篇 |
2000年 | 88篇 |
1999年 | 70篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 106篇 |
1996年 | 155篇 |
1995年 | 98篇 |
1994年 | 74篇 |
1993年 | 104篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 84篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 72篇 |
1987年 | 62篇 |
1986年 | 57篇 |
1985年 | 115篇 |
1984年 | 137篇 |
1983年 | 92篇 |
1982年 | 114篇 |
1981年 | 114篇 |
1980年 | 94篇 |
1979年 | 84篇 |
1978年 | 109篇 |
1977年 | 95篇 |
1976年 | 81篇 |
1975年 | 68篇 |
1974年 | 67篇 |
1973年 | 59篇 |
排序方式: 共有9506条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
R. A. Taylor S. Haacke B. Deveaud I. Bar Joseph R. Zimmermann 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》1998,2(1-4)
The time-resolved secondary emission of resonantly created excitons in GaAs quantum wells is studied using femtosecond up-conversion spectroscopy. The behaviour of the rise and decay of the secondary emission and reflectivity in quantum wells is strongly dependent upon the disorder at the interfaces, the exciton density and the temperature. In the case of low densities and temperatures the emission is independent of the exciton density and rises quadratically in time, in excellent agreement with recent theory for Rayleigh scattering from two-dimensional excitons subjected to disorder. These rise times are compared directly with
times measured by time-integrated four-wave mixing (FWM). The comparison of the dynamics displayed in time-resolved secondary radiation and time-integrated FWM provide a clear understanding of the coherence properties of QW excitons in the first few picoseconds after excitation. High-contrast oscillations that are due to quantum beats between the heavy- and light-hole 1s-states are seen. The visibility decay at very low densities is long
ps and is related to the action of potential fluctuations on the scattering of heavy-hole and light-hole excitons. 相似文献
52.
A linear three‐dimensional hydrodynamical numerical model, with the application of the Galerkin Method for the vertical dependence, is here presented. The spherical coordinate system is used, in order to allow large‐scale simulations. The equations and mathematical development of the model are shown in detail, together with the boundary and initial conditions, and the sequence of equations' solution. The model is applied to the South Atlantic Ocean, for estimating typical seasonal circulations, and the results are summarized in maps of currents at surface and 1000 m depth, and in transport values of the Brazil Current between 30°S and 40°S. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
We consider a class of homogeneous manifolds including all semisimple coadjoint orbits. We describe manifolds of that class
admitting deformation quantizations equivariant under the action ofG and the corresponding quantum group. We also classify Poisson brackets relating to such quantizations.
Presented at the 11th Colloquium “Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems”, Prague, 20–22 June 2002. 相似文献
54.
The energy of a mass of liquid is evaluated asymptotically in powers of the range of the intermolecular potential divided by a typical dimension of the liquid. The leading term is the internal energy, proportional to the liquid volume. The second term is the energy of surface tension, proportional to the area of the liquid surface. The third term is proportional to an integral over this surface of the square of the mean curvature of the surface minus one-third of its Gaussian curvature. This new term has exactly the form of the bending energy of a thin elastic plate. Comparing it with the bending energy yields expressions for the flexural rigidity and the Poisson ratio of the liquid surface. This flexural rigidity of the surface leads to new terms in the equation of equilibrium of the liquid surface, in addition to the usual surface tension terms. 相似文献
55.
In this paper it is shown that various existing constructions of ‘Hopf invariant’ are equivalent to each other. In consequence
one gets that the oneToda-Hopf invariant enjoys various properties.
Both authors supported in part by the NSF. 相似文献
56.
E. Todd Brown Karen Karp Joseph M. Petrosko Jane Jones Gloria Beswick Carrie Howe Kathy Zwanzig 《School science and mathematics》2007,107(3):102-116
This study investigated K‐12 teachers' beliefs and reported teaching practices regarding calculator use in their mathematics instruction. A survey was administered to more than 800 elementary, middle and high school teachers in a large metropolitan area to address the following questions: (a) what are the beliefs and practices of mathematics teachers regarding calculator use? and (b) how do these beliefs and practices differ among teachers in three grade bands? Factor analysis of 20 Likert scale items revealed four factors that accounted for 54% of the variance in the ratings. These factors were named Catalyst Beliefs, Teacher Knowledge, Crutch Beliefs, and Teacher Practices. Compared to elementary teachers, high school teachers were significantly higher in their perception of calculator use as a catalyst in mathematics instruction. However, the higher the grade level of the teacher, the higher the mean score on the perception that calculator use may be a way of getting answers without understanding mathematical processes. The mean scores for teachers in all three grade bands indicated agreement that students can learn mathematics through calculator use and using calculators in instruction will lead to better student understanding and make mathematics more interesting. The survey results shed light on teachers' self reported beliefs, knowledge, and practices in regard to consistency with elements of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000) technology principle and the NCTM use of technology position paper (2003). This study extended previous research on teachers' beliefs regarding calculator use in classrooms by examining and comparing the results of teacher surveys across three grade bands. 相似文献
57.
58.
Tim R. Dargaville Julie M. Elliott Mathew Celina 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(22):3253-3264
Films of piezoelectric PVDF and P(VDF‐TrFE) were exposed to vacuum UV (115–300 nm VUV) and γ‐radiation to investigate how these two forms of radiation affect the chemical, morphological, and piezoelectric properties of the polymers. The extent of crosslinking was almost identical in both polymers after γ‐irradiation, but surprisingly, was significantly higher for the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation. Changes in the melting behavior were also more significant in the TrFE copolymer after VUV‐irradiation due to both surface and bulk crosslinking, compared with only surface crosslinking for the PVDF films. The piezoelectric properties (measured using d33 piezoelectric coefficients and D‐E hysteresis loops) were unchanged in the PVDF homopolymer, while the TrFE copolymer exhibited more narrow D‐E loops after exposure to either γ‐ or VUV‐radiation. The more severe damage to the TrFE copolymer in comparison with the PVDF homopolymer after VUV‐irradiation is explained by different energy deposition characteristics. The short wavelength, highly energetic photons are undoubtedly absorbed in the surface layers of both polymers, and we propose that while the longer wavelength components of the VUV‐radiation are absorbed by the bulk of the TrFE copolymer causing crosslinking, they are transmitted harmlessly in the PVDF homopolymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3253–3264, 2006 相似文献
59.
60.
Nadeem Saeed Basant K Puri Angela Oatridge Joseph V Hajnal Ian R Young 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1998,16(10):1237-1247
Two semi-automated methods for quantification of ventricular volume change from baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans have been developed. Technique 1 employs direct segmentation of the ventricles from both the scans using thresholding and contour extraction. Technique 2 operates on difference images produced by voxel based intensity subtraction of the baseline from the registered follow-up images. Here, all voxels with intensities above a noise threshold and in a restricted area are monitored to compute volumetric changes. In phantom measurements the first technique was accurate to 0.0046%, the second to 0.167% of the phantom volume. Results from normal volunteers was that the average ventricular volume changed by 1.52% and 1.54% for images acquired within 9 months using techniques 1 and 2, respectively. With schizophrenic patients mean change of 10.78% and 9.43% were found employing the first and second procedures, respectively. All measurements agreed with a radiologist’s visual grading of the changes. Robust, objective, fast, easy-to-use, and fairly accurate procedures have been developed and validated to quantify volumetric changes. 相似文献