Design of neutral, mono- or di-cationic water-soluble trihydrazidophosphoradamantanes

The versatile behavior of a trihydrazidophosphoradamantane allowing the synthesis of a variety of neutral, mono- or di-cationic water-soluble molecules of potential interest for biphasic catalysis is reported.     

Sufficiency in Quantum Statistical Inference

This paper attempts to develop a theory of sufficiency in the setting of non-commutative algebras parallel to the ideas in classical mathematical statistics. Sufficiency of a coarse-graining means that all information is extracted about the mutual relation of a given family of states. In the paper sufficient coarse-grainings are characterized in several equivalent ways and the non-commutative analogue of the factorization theorem is obtained. As an application we discuss exponential families. Our factorization theorem also implies two further important results, previously known only in finite Hilbert space dimension, but proved here in generality: the Koashi-Imoto theorem on maps leaving a family of states invariant, and the characterization of the general form of states in the equality case of strong subadditivity. Supported by the EU Research Training Network Quantum Probability with Applications to Physics, Information Theory and Biology and Center of Excellence SAS Physics of Information I/2/2005. Supported by the Hungarian grant OTKA T032662     

Challenging Students to View the Concept of Area in Triangles in a Broad Context: Exploiting the Features of Cabri-II

This study focuses on the constructions in terms of area and perimeter in equivalent triangles developed by students aged 12–15 years-old, using the tools provided by Cabri-Geometry II [Labore (1990). Cabri-Geometry (software), Université de Grenoble]. Twenty-five students participated in a learning experiment where they were asked to construct: (a) pairs of equivalent triangles “in as many ways as possible” and to study their area and their perimeter using any of the tools provided and (b) “any possible sequence of modifications of an original triangle into other equivalent ones”. As regards the concept of area and in contrast to a paper and pencil environment, Cabri provided students with different and potential opportunities in terms of: (a) means of construction, (b) control, (c) variety of representations and (d) linking representations, by exploiting its capability for continuous modifications. By exploiting these opportunities in the context of the given open tasks, students were helped by the tools provided to develop a broader view of the concept of area than the typical view they would construct in a typical paper and pencil environment.     

New examples of Osserman metrics with nondiagonalizable Jacobi operators

Explicit examples of Osserman 4-manifolds with exactly two distinct eigenvalues of the Jacobi operators, α and β=4α≠0, are given. The former has multiplicity two and is a double root of the minimal polynomial of the Jacobi operators.     

On an Application of Newton's Method to Nonlinear Operators with w-Conditioned Second Derivative

We present a new approach to study the convergence of Newton's method in Banach spaces, which relax the conditions appearing in the usual studies. The approach is based on the bound required for the second derivative of the operator involved. An application to a nonlinear integral equation is presented.     

On a conjecture of Cox and Katz

This note shows that a certain toric quotient of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold in provides a counterexample to a recent conjecture of Cox and Katz concerning nef cones of toric hypersurfaces. Received: 8 February 2001; in final form: 17 September 2001 / Published online: 1 February 2002     

Infrared picosecond absorption spectroscopy of microcrystalline silicon: separation between carrier recombination in crystalline and amorphous fractions

We have studied ultra-fast carrier dynamics of photo-excited carriers in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon prepared by a very high frequency glow-discharge technique. We report on direct observation of two types of dynamics using selective photo-excitation in picosecond pump and probe measurements. One type of the observed dynamics has been found to be independent of the sample preparation, while the other reflects the relative weights of crystalline and amorphous fractions. We propose a simple rate-equation model that describes the carrier dynamics in microcrystalline silicon in terms of the composition of those in Si microcrystallites and in the a-Si:H tissue which surrounds the microcrystallites. The model without any fitting parameters reproduces the experimental data very well when the dynamics are scaled with relative volume fractions as obtained from Raman spectra. Received: 23 November 2000 / Accepted: 17 March 2001 / Published online: 23 May 2001     

Generic replica symmetric field-theory for short range Ising spin glasses

Symmetry considerations and a direct, Hubbard-Stratonovich type, derivation are used to construct a replica field-theory relevant to the study of the spin glass transition of short range models in a magnetic field. A mean-field treatment reveals that two different types of transitions exist, whenever the replica number n is kept larger than zero. The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick critical point in zero magnetic field between the paramagnet and replica magnet (a replica symmetric phase with a nonzero spin glass order parameter) separates from the de Almeida-Thouless line, along which replica symmetry breaking occurs. We argue that for studying the de Almeida-Thouless transition around the upper critical dimension d = 6, it is necessary to use the generic cubic model with all the three bare masses and eight cubic couplings. The critical role n may play is also emphasized. To make perturbative calculations feasible, a new representation of the cubic interaction is introduced. To illustrate the method, we compute the masses in one-loop order. Some technical details and a list of vertex rules are presented to help future renormalisation-group calculations. Received 9 October 2001