Chemical Bonding and Pressure‐Induced Change of the Electron Configuration of Ytterbium in β‐YbAgGa2

Single‐phase polycrystalline samples of the intermetallic compound β‐YbAgGa₂ were synthesized by inductive heating and subsequent annealing for eight weeks at 670 K. Magnetic properties were characterized by susceptibility measurements and indicated intermediate valence of ytterbium at ambient pressure. Angle‐dispersive X‐ray powder diffraction data of orthorhombic β‐YbAgGa₂ indicate stability of the phase in the investigated pressure range from 0.1 MPa (ambient pressure) to 19 GPa. The pressure‐induced volume decrease is accompanied by an increase of the effective valence from 2.17 at ambient conditions to 2.71 at 16 GPa as evaluated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the Yb L_III threshold. Analysis of the chemical bonding in β‐YbAgGa₂ by integrating the electron density of the polyanion in basins as defined by the electron localization function results in an electron count Yb^2.7+[(Ag^0.2—)(Ga1(3b)^1.0—)(Ga2(4b)^1.5—)]. This finding is close to the expected values calculated by means of the Zintl rules and fits well the results of magnetic susceptibility measurements and XAS investigations.     

Unique ergodicity of some flows related to axiom a diffeomorphisms

Continuous flows, whose orbits are the unstable manifolds of certain Axiom A attractors, are shown to be uniquely ergodic. The approach used is symbolic dynamics. Equicontinuity (and lack of it) for these flows is also discussed.     

Boundary value problems for nonuniformly elliptic equations with measurable coefficients

Summary Let A be a symmetric N × N real-matrix-valued function on a connected region in Rⁿ, with A positive definite a.e. and A, A⁻¹ locally integrable. Let b and c be locally integrable, non-negative, real-valued functions on Ω, with c positive a.e. Put a(u, v) = = ((A∇u, ∇v) + buv) dx. We consider in X the weak boundary value problem a(u, v) = = fvcdx, all v ε X; where X is a suitable Hilbert space contained in H _loc ^1,1 (Ω). Criteria are given in order that the Green's operator for this problem have an integral representation and bounded eigenfunctions; in addition, criteria for compactness are given. Entrata in Redazione il 21 giugno 1975. Research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GP-28377A2.     

A Smart Access to the Dinitramide Anion – The Use of Dinitraminic Acid for the Preparation of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Copper(II) Complexes

Dinitraminic acid (HN(NO₂)₂, HDN) was prepared by ion exchange chromatography and acid-base reaction with basic copper(II) carbonate allowed the in situ preparation of copper(II) dinitramide, which was reacted with twelve nitrogen-rich ligands, for example, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-5H-tetrazole, di(5H-tetrazolyl)-methane/-ethane/-propane/-butane. Nine of the complexes were investigated by low-temperature X-ray diffraction. In addition, all compounds were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for selected compounds. Furthermore, investigations of the materials were carried out regarding their sensitivity toward impact (IS), friction (FS), ball drop impact (BDIS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD). In addition, hot plate and hot needle tests were performed. Complex [Cu(AMT)₄(H₂O)](DN)₂, based on 1-amino-5-methyltetrazole (AMT), is most outstanding for its detonative behavior and thus also capable of initiating PETN in classical initiation experiments. Laser ignition experiments at a wavelength of 915 nm were performed for all substances and solid-state UV-Vis spectra were recorded to apprehend the ignition mechanism.