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931.
Übersicht Die Simulation steifer Differentialgleichungssysteme sehr hoher Ordnung durch implizite Runge-Kutta-Verfahren (gelegentlich auch nach Padé benannt) ist global weitgehend theoretisch geklärt. Bei der konkreten Behandlung von Aufgaben der nichtlinearen Strukturdynamik ist man jedoch zu vielfältigen Zusatzüberlegungen genötigt, um zu vertretbaren Rechenzeiten zu gelangen. Anknüpfend an die bewährte gleichgradige quadratische Padé-Entwicklung oder auch kubische Interpolation am System 1. Ordnung wird die Konvergenzbeschleunigung durch Extrapolation der Nichtlinearitäten belegt. Weiterhin werden Phänomene der modalen Reduktion beim Zusammenwirken verschiedener Steifigkeiten aufgezeigt.
Finite elements in time with extrapolation in nonlinear structural dynamics
Summary Today the theory of integrating stiff differential equations of high order by implicit Runge-Kutta methods (sometimes called Padé approximations) is developed very well especially concerning global properties. Nevertheless, additional considerations must be done in order to minimize the numerical effort when special problems from nonlinear structural dynamics are to be solved. Using a quadratic Padé-approximation or a cubic interpolation for the first-order-system it is shown that the rate of convergence profits from extrapolating the nonlinearities. Some observations and comments on modal reduction for problems characterized by multiple stiffnesses are added.相似文献
932.
Summary Glass formation in nature and materials science is reviewed and the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state,
polyamorphism, is discussed. The process by which the glassy state originates during the continuous cooling or viscous slowdown
process, is examined and the three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. The
conversion of strong liquids to fragile liquids by pressure-induced coordination number increases is discussed, and then it
is shown that for the same type of system it is possible to have the same conversion accomplished via a first-order transition
within the liquid state. The systems in which this can happen are of the same type which exhibit polyamorphism, and the whole
phenomenology can be accounted for by a recent simple modification of the van der Waals model for tetrahedrally bonded liquids.
The concept of complex amorphous systems which can lose a significant number of degrees of freedom through weak first-order
transitions is then used to discuss the relation between native and denatured hydrated proteins, since the latter have much
in common with plasticized chain polymer systems. Finally, we close the circle by taking a short-time-scale phenomenon given
much attention by protein physicists,viz., the onset of an anomaly in the Debye-Waller factor with increasing temperature, and showing that for a wide variety of liquids,
including computer-simulated strong and fragile ionic liquids, this phenomenon is closely correlated with the experimental
glass transition temperature. This implies that the latter owes its origin to the onset of strong anharmonicity in certain
components of the vibrational density of states (evidently related to the boson peak) which then permits the system to gain
access to its configurational degrees of freedom. The more anharmonic these vibrational components, the closer to the Kauzmann
temperature will commence the exploration of configuration space and, for a given configurational microstate degeneracy, the
more fragile the liquid will be.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994. 相似文献
933.
934.
935.
936.
V. Formisano G. Bellucci A. Grigoriev A. Coradini J. P. Bibring 《Il Nuovo Cimento C》1992,15(6):1113-1119
Summary Multispectral imaging of planets opens a new class of studies of atmospheric and surface signatures. With ISM experiment on
board Phobos, the first IR multispectral imaging of Mars from space was achieved. In viem of the Future Omega experiment on
board Mars 94, we present here a sample of data and results (and problems) which can be achieved by studying spectral reflectance.
Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990. 相似文献
937.
P. C. Roy 《等离子体物理论文集》1992,32(2):101-107
By using the two-point space correlation function an equation for the power spectral density for a random Langmuir field has been derived. The dispersion relation for a monochromatic wave is regained for a delta spectrum. For a Gaussian spectrum, the maximum growth rate is less than that for a monochromatic wave. For a “meander spectrum”, the growth rate is increased with the width of the spectrum in the first stage then decreased for further increase of the width. 相似文献
938.
939.
940.
The impurity weakening of crystalline NaCl:Mg and NaCl:Mn associated with purification of the matrix in a melt is demonstrated.
This effect is manifested in a consistent change in the yield strength and mobility of dislocations. Its unusual temperature
dependence is determined: in a number of cases weakening becomes greater as the temperature is lowered within the interval
293–4.2 K. A deviation in the elastic region of the stress-strain curves is observed to increase as the temperature is lowered.
Plasticizing of crystalline NaCl is established: when the deformation temperature is lowered from 293 to 77 and 4.2 K the
rate of rise in the yield strength of Cd2+ and Sr2+ doped samples is lower than that of undoped samples. An explanation for this fact is proposed.
Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 313–317 (February 1997)
Deceased. 相似文献