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991.
992.
A. Benedetti P. GabrielG.L. Stephens 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2002,72(3):201-225
The inference of optical depth and particle size of clouds and aerosols using remotely sensed reflected radiance at solar wavelengths has received much attention recently. The information these measurements provide is path integrated. However, very little is known about the vertical distribution of this weighting. To characterize it, we first solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) by a Green's function approach, and then investigate the sensitivity of the weighting to vertical inhomogeneities in the extinction by introducing a function that is closely related to the Green's function, herein called the contribution function. This function calculates the contributions to the radiance at the upper boundary of the medium by underlying layers. Three hypothetical clouds of identical optical depth but exhibiting different extinction profiles were used in this study. The contribution function was found very sensitive to the extinction profile. The global reflection and transmission matrices used to construct the Green's function, derived using an eigenmatrix method, resulted in an efficient, stable, and accurate method for calculating the emerging radiances that can be extended to multi-layered media. 相似文献
993.
A control volume type numerical methodology for the analysis of steady three‐dimensional rotating flows with heat transfer, in both laminar and turbulent conditions, is implemented and experimentally tested. Non‐axisymmetric momentum and heat transfer phenomena are allowed for. Turbulent transport is alternatively represented through three existing versions of the k–ε model that were adjusted to take into account the turbulence anisotropy promoted by rotation, streamline curvature and thermal buoyancy. Their relative performance is evaluated by comparison of calculated local and global heat balances with those obtained through measurements in a laboratory device. A modified version of the Lam and Bremhorst, low Reynolds number model is seen to give the best results. A preliminary analysis focused on the flow structure and the transfer of heat is reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
L. Jackowska-Strumillo J. Sokolowski A. Żochowski A. Henrot 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2002,23(2):231-255
The new method is proposed for the numerical solution of a class of shape inverse problems. The size and the location of a small opening in the domain of integration of an elliptic equation is identified on the basis of an observation. The observation includes the finite number of shape functionals. The approximation of the shape functionals by using the so-called topological derivatives is used to perform the learning process of an artificial neural network. The results of computations for 2D examples show, that the method allows to determine an approximation of the global solution to the inverse problem, sufficiently closed to the exact solution. The proposed method can be extended to the problems with an opening of general shape and to the identification problems of small inclusions. However, the mathematical theory of the proposed approach still requires futher research. In particular, the proof of global convergence of the method is an open problem. 相似文献
995.
L. V. Soboleva A. E. Voloshin V. A. Kirikov M. V. Biglova 《Crystallography Reports》2002,47(1):130-134
Based on the analysis of the K2O-P2O5-D2O solubility phase diagram, the optimum conditions of KD2PO4 crystallization—the compositions of mother solutions and the temperature range of crystallization—in the KH2PO4-D2O system have been determined. The technique of K(DxH1 ? x )2PO4 growth is developed. The DKDP single crystals with deuterium concentration up to 88 wt % are grown on DKDP seeds from KH2PO4 solutions in D2O by the method of temperature decrease. 相似文献
996.
An intensive care nursery provides health care for critically ill newborn infants. During a typical shift, infants range from those needing only occasional care to those requiring constant attention. At the beginning of each shift, the head nurse groups the patients for assignment to staff nurses. Typically each nurse cares for one group of infants throughout the shift. The large variation in infant conditions along with several complicating side constraints makes it difficult to develop balanced nurse work loads. We develop a mathematical programming approach for achieving better workload balance. We first develop a detailed neonatal acuity system that quantifies the nursing workload of each patient. We then develop an integer linear program that assigns patients to nurses while balancing nurse workloads. Because this model is computationally intractable, we develop a heuristic that exploits the fact that most nurseries are divided into a number of physical zones. We use ten case studies taken from a major university hospital to benchmark the performance of this heuristic. We also perform a designed experiment using randomly generated problems that examines the effect of nursery parameters on heuristic performance. 相似文献
997.
We study the problem of configuring a fleet, in which vehicles receive information on-line about the demand that they should fulfil while they are on the road. In each district it must be decided the number of vehicles and their capacity. The objective function is to minimise the operational cost subject to constraints for the minimum delivery capacity, the maximum vehicle size and the average waiting time for customers. The last constraint is modelled as a queuing system that is adjusted according to the simulation of the delivery process of a Chilean company that distributes liquefied petroleum gas in portable cylinders. We provide the analytical form of all the components of the model, so it can be solved using a standard non-linear programming package. We show that the fleet may increase its sales by 3% and reduce the waiting time of customers 10% by allowing a set of vehicles to share the buffer of orders rather than having vehicles to exclusively serve smaller sectors. 相似文献
998.
999.
To date, ten experimental measurements of the asymmetry parameter have been made for the positron decay of52Mn. The Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratioy can be deduced from such measurements and this quantity is important because the time-reversal violating amplitude is proportional toy/(1+y2). Our theoretical calculation using the Collective Model yieldsy=? 3.5×10?4 for the deformation parameterβ=0.1 andy=? 4.6×10?4 forβ=0.2. Such small values ofy are consistent with time-reversal invarisance. 相似文献
1000.
L. Galeone C. Mastroserio M. Montrone 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》1989,5(2):79-86
This paper presents the study of the numerical solution of a reaction-diffusion system involving a reaction term of integral type arising from biological models. By means of a monotone approach we introduce upper and lower solutions and then we show the existence and the asymptotic behavior of nonnegative numerical solutions. To this end, we require the positivity of the numerical scheme and so we can use some properties of positive and M-matrices. Finally we give some sufficient conditions to verify the asymptotic stability of the numerical solution. 相似文献