ZrOCl2•8H2O-Catalyzed One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of β′-Acetamido-β-dicarbonyl Compounds with Special Reference to pref-Selective β′-Acetamido-β-ketoesters

ZrOCl₂ · 8H₂O catalyzes the one-pot synthesis of β′-acetamido-β-dicarbonyl compounds in high yields from aldehyde, enolizable β-dicarbonyl compound, acetyl chloride, and acetonitrile in solvent as well as in solvent-free conditions. β′-Acetamido-β-ketoesters are formed in moderate to exclusive pref-diastereoselectivity.     

Monitoring the Reaction of the Body State to Antibiotic Treatment against Helicobacter pylori via Infrared Spectroscopy: A Case Study

The current understanding of deviations of human microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment is poor. In an attempt to improve it, a proof-of-principle spectroscopic study of the breath of one volunteer affected by a course of antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication was performed. Fourier transform spectroscopy enabled searching for the absorption spectral structures sensitive to the treatment in the entire mid-infrared region. Two spectral ranges were found where the corresponding structures strongly correlated with the beginning and end of the treatment. The structures were identified as methyl ester of butyric acid and ethyl ester of pyruvic acid. Both acids generated by bacteria in the gut are involved in fundamental processes of human metabolism. Being confirmed by other studies, measurement of the methyl butyrate deviation could be a promising way for monitoring acute gastritis and anti-Helicobacter pylori antibiotic treatment.     

Raman Imaging: An Impending Approach Towards Cancer Diagnosis

In accordance with the recent studies, Raman spectroscopy is well experimented as a highly sensitive analytical and imaging technique in biomedical research, mainly for various disease diagnosis including cancer. In comparison with other imaging modalities, Raman spectroscopy facilitate numerous assistances owing to its low background signal, immense spatial resolution, high chemical specificity, multiplexing capability, excellent photo stability and non-invasive detection capability. In cancer diagnosis Raman imaging intervened as a promising investigative tool to provide molecular level information to differentiate the cancerous vs non-cancerous cells, tissues and even in body fluids. Anciently, spontaneous Raman scattering is very feeble due to its low signal intensity and long acquisition time but new advanced techniques like coherent Raman scattering (CRS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gradually superseded these issues. So, the present review focuses on the recent developments and applications of Raman spectroscopy-based imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.     

Fully Diastereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted,Functionalized Piperidines and Decahydroquinolines Based on Multicomponent Reactions Catalyzed by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate

The cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN)‐catalyzed, three‐component reaction between primary amines, β‐dicarbonyl compounds, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in ethanol heated to reflux, constitutes a general, one‐pot synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines. Their reduction with sodium triacetoxyborohydride furnished piperidine derivatives bearing up to five substituents with full diastereoselectivity in a hitherto inaccessible stereochemical arrangement. The reaction proceeded with no significant loss of enantiomeric purity under mild reduction conditions that are compatible with several functional groups that are normally sensitive to reduction. Octahydroquinolin‐5‐one derivatives, which were prepared by a modified version of the initial multicomponent reaction, were not suitable substrates for the sodium triacetoxyborohydride mediated reduction, but they were transformed into the corresponding decahydroquinolines, including a precursor of the amphibian alkaloid pumiliotoxin C, by catalytic hydrogenation under a variety of conditions.     

para-Selective Arylation of Arenes: A Direct Route to Biaryls by Norbornene Relay Palladation

Biaryl compounds are extremely important structural motifs in natural products, biologically active components and pharmaceuticals. Selective synthesis of biaryls by distinguishing the subtle reactivity difference of distal arene C−H bonds are significantly challenging. Herein, we describe para-selective C−H arylation, which is acheived by a unique combination of a meta-directing group and norbornene as a transient mediator. Upon direct meta-C−H palladation, one-bond relay palladation occurs in presence of norbornene and subsequently para-C−H arylation is achieved for sulfonates, phosphonates and phenols bearing 2,6-disubstitution patterns. The protocol is amenable to electron-deficient aryl iodides. Multisubstituted arenes and phenols are obtained by postsynthetic modification of the products. The protocol allows the synthesis of hexa-substituted benzene by sequential selective distal C−H functionalization.     

Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber‐based heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor: Impact of Kevlar fiber reinforcement on the thermal and mechanical properties

This work scrutinizes the utilization of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber matrix (EPDM) with an embodiment of aramid fiber for the heat shielding applications in solid rocket motor (SRM). Aramid fibers are aromatic poly‐paraphenylene terephthalamide, here deployed are Kevlar fibers (KF). However, the literature that encompasses the thermal and mechanical behavior with the fiber loading is reported nowhere else. The effect of fiber addition on the surface morphology and density was thoroughly studied, and it revealed that the EHSMs were of lower density to act as an efficient payload for the SRM. In this regard, the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, fire behavior, and mechanical properties of the EPDM/KF‐based EHSMs were explored. The results revealed that the EHSMs are thermally insulating and thermally stable material with balanced mechanical properties that can engender the thermal and mechanical strains of the rocket motor. Furthermore, other analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy have been exploited to monitor the performance of the char residues of the EHSM to delineate its performance in the fire atmosphere.     

Synthesis of novel isoxazole-benzoquinone hybrids via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction as key step

An efficient method for the preparation of novel 2-(5-arylisoxazol-3-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione hybrids via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by an oxidation reaction using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been described. Using this method, various aryl as well as alkyl substituted isoxazole-benzoquinone hybrids were synthesized in high yields.     

Utility of calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts in differentiating conformational isomers: a study of metal-complexed and uncomplexed bispidines

Calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts were key to assigning the structures of the conformational forms of complexed and uncomplexed bispidine derivatives.     

Vibration of rectangular plates with time-dependent boundary conditions

A general method of solution for the vibration of rectangular plates with any type of time-dependent boundary conditions is developed by an extension of the method of Mindlin and Goodman [1]. For illustration, the problems of a plate with different time-dependent boundary conditions are solved and the closed form solutions for the transverse deflections of the plate are obtained. The non-dimensionalized transverse deflections, ($\text{w}\text{a}$) at the middle of the plate are evaluated numerically for different dimensions of the plate and different forcing functions. These are presented graphically against the non-dimensionalized time, T, for three cases and tabulated for other cases.