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991.
Xiaobo Ji Rashid O. Kadara Jaanus Krussma Qiyuan Chen Craig E. Banks 《Electroanalysis》2010,22(1):7-19
Carbon nanotubes receive considerable attention in the area of electrochemistry not only due to their reported structural, mechanical or electronic properties but because they represent the world's smallest electrodes allowing electrochemistry to be performed where other electrode materials cannot penetrate. In this review, we overview recent developments in this area summarizing the fundamental advances in understanding the various factors and parameters that can significantly affect the electrochemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes, which is essential for their continual use and successful implementation in a plethora of areas and applications. 相似文献
992.
Bajracharya GB Koranne PS Nadaf RN Gabr RK Takenaka K Takizawa S Sasai H 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2010,46(47):9064-9066
The 5-endo-trig-type cyclization has been performed using a Pd-bis(isoxazoline) catalyst. The present cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds gave γ-butenolides and 3-pyrrolin-2-ones in good to excellent yields. 相似文献
993.
M. H. M. Rashid 《Ukrainian Mathematical Journal》2012,63(8):1256-1267
If T (or T*) is an algebraically wF(p, r, q) operator with p, r > 0 and q ≥ 1 acting in an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space, then we prove that Weyl’s theorem holds for f(T) for any f ∈ Hol(σ(T)), where Hol(σ(T)) is the set of all analytic functions in an open neighborhood of σ(T). Moreover, if T* is a wF(p, r, q) operator with p, r > 0 and q ≥ 1, then the a-Weyl’s theorem holds for f(T). In addition, if T (or T*) is an algebraically wF(p, r, q) operator with p, r > 0 and q ≥ 1, then we establish the spectral mapping theorems for the Weyl spectrum and for the essential approximate point spectrum
of T for any f ∈ Hol(σ(T)), respectively. Finally, we examine the stability of Weyl’s theorem and the a-Weyl’s theorem under commutative perturbations
by finite-rank operators. 相似文献
994.
Khadijo Rashid Adem Chaudry Masood Khalique 《Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications》2012,13(4):1692-1702
This paper obtains solutions to the Zakharov-Kuznetsov modified equal width equation with power law nonlinearity. The Lie symmetry approach and the simplest equation method are used to obtain these solutions. Moreover, conservation laws are derived for the underlying equation by employing two approaches: the new conservation theorem and the multiplier method. 相似文献
995.
NO Boadi MA Malik P O'Brien JA Awudza 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2012,41(35):10497-10506
The use of single-source molecular precursors for lead chalcogenide thin films by CVD or as nanoparticles by solution methods is reviewed. The potential applications of these materials in solar energy are discussed along with the relative advantages of the various methods. 相似文献
996.
Malik G Natangelo A Charris J Pouységu L Manfredini S Cavagnat D Buffeteau T Deffieux D Quideau S 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(29):9063-9074
C-glucosidic ellagitannins constitute a subclass of bioactive polyphenolic natural products with strong antioxidant properties, as well as promising antitumoral and antiviral activities that are related to their capacity to interact with both functional and structural proteins. To date, most synthetic efforts toward ellagitannins have concerned glucopyranosic species. The development of a synthetic strategy to access C-glucosidic ellagitannins, whose characteristic structural feature includes an atropoisomeric hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) or a nonahydroxyterphenoyl (NHTP) unit that is linked to an open-chain glucose core by a C-aryl glucosidic bond, is described herein. The total synthesis of the biarylic HHDP-containing 5-O-desgalloylepipunicacortein?A (1?β) was achieved by either using the natural ellagic acid bis-lactone as a precursor of the requested HHDP unit or by implementing an atroposelective intramolecular oxidative biarylic coupling to forge this HHDP unit. Both routes converged in the penultimate step of this synthesis to enable a biomimetic formation of the key C-aryl glucosidic bond in the title compound. 相似文献
997.
Tursun Abdiryim Chunbao Zhao Ruxangul Jamal Aminam Ubul Wei Shi Ismayil Nurulla 《Polymer Science Series B》2012,54(7-8):413-419
Poly(3??,4??-Ethylenedioxy-2,2??:5??,2??-terthiophene) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of 3??,4??-Ethylenedioxy-2,2??:5??,2??-terthiophene using FeCl3 as an oxidant. The resulting polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. p-doping behaviors of substituted polyterthiophene with different organic sulfonic acids (methanesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and ??-naphthalene sulfonic acid) in different solvents (CH3CN, CHCl3, THF and DMF) were studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The results from structural characterizations showed that the ??,????-bonding predominates in polyterthiophene. The spectroscopic changes in UV-VIS showed that ??-naphthalene sulfonic acid was an efficient doping acid for polymer while varying the solvents. Meanwhile, CH3CN showed a high efficiency for p-doping of polyterthiophene while varying the doping acids. 相似文献
998.
A simple and economic method for the analysis of phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-iso-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in cow milk samples by means of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. In this work, NaCl and ACN were added to 5 mL of the milk sample as the salting out agent and extraction solvent, respectively. After manual shaking, the mixture was centrifuged. In the presence of NaCl, a two-phase system was formed: upper phase - acetonitrile containing phthalate esters -and lower phase - aqueous phase containing soluble compounds and the precipitated proteins. After the extraction of phthalate esters from milk, a portion of supernatant phase (acetonitrile) was removed, mixed with 1,2-dibromoethane at microliter level and injected by syringe into NaCl solution. After the extraction of the selected phthalate esters into 1,2-dibromoethane, phase separation was performed by centrifugation and the enriched analytes in the sedimented phase were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under the optimum extraction conditions, low limits of detection and quantification between 1.5-3 and 2.5-11 ng/mL, respectively was observed. Enrichment factors were in the range of 397-499. The relative standard deviations for the extraction of 100 ng/mL of each phthalate ester were in the range of 3-4% (n = 6). Finally, some milk samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method and two analytes, di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhyxel phthalate, were determined in them in nanogram per milliliter level. 相似文献
999.
Howard K. Holness Adeel Jamal Alexander Mebel José R. Almirall 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,404(8):2407-2416
A new mechanism is proposed that describes the gas-phase separation of chiral molecules found in amphetamine-type substances (ATS) by the use of high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Straight-chain achiral alcohols of increasing carbon chain length, from methanol to n-octanol, are used as drift gas modifiers in IMS to highlight the mechanism proposed for gas-phase separations of these chiral molecules. The results suggest the possibility of using these achiral modifiers to separate the chiral molecules (R,S) and (S,R)-ephedrine and (S,S) and (R,R)-pseudoephedrine which contain an internal hydroxyl group at the first chiral center and an amino group at the other chiral center. Ionization was achieved with an electrospray source, the ions were introduced into an IMS with a resolving power of 80, and the resulting ion clusters were characterized with a coupled quadrupole mass spectrometer detector. A complementary computational study conducted at the density functional B3LYP/6-31g level of theory for the electronic structure of the analyte–modifier clusters was also performed, and showed either “bridged” or “independent” binding. The combined experimental and simulation data support the proposed mechanism for gas-phase chiral separations using achiral modifiers in the gas phase, thus enhancing the potential to conduct fast chiral separations with relative ease and efficiency. 相似文献
1000.
Structural and optical properties of electrohydrodynamically atomized TiO2 nanostructured thin films
Kyung-Hyun Choi Navaneethan Duraisamy Nauman Malik Muhammad Inyoung Kim Hyunseok Choi Jeongdai Jo 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,107(3):715-722
In this paper, we report an alternate technique for the deposition of nanostructured TiO2 thin films using the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer. The required parameters for achieving uniform TiO2 films using EHDA are also discussed in detail. X-ray diffraction results confirm that the TiO2 films were oriented in the anatase phase. Scanning electron microscope studies revealed the uniform deposition of the TiO2. The purity of the films is characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the presence of Ti–O bonding in the films without any organic residue. The optical properties of the TiO2 films were measured by UV-visible spectroscopy, which shows that the transparency of the films is nearly 85% in the visible region. The current–voltage (I–V) curve of the TiO2 thin films shows a nearly linear behavior with 45 mΩ?cm of electrical resistivity. These results suggest that TiO2 thin films deposited via the EHDA method possess promising applications in optoelectronic devices. 相似文献