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21.
We have prepared a highly selective and efficient sorbent for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions from milk and water samples. An ionic liquid was deposited on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (IL-MNPs) and used for solid phase extraction of these ions. The IL-MNPs carrying the target metals were then separated from the sample solution by applying an external magnetic field. Lead and cadmium were almost quantitatively retained by the IL-MNPs, and then eluted with nitric acid. The effect of different variables on solid phase extraction was investigated. The calibration curve is linear in the range from 0.3 to 20?ng mL?1 of Cd(II), and from 5 to 330?ng mL?1 of Pb(II) in the initial solution. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits are 1.61 and 0.122?μg?L-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Relative standard deviations (n?=?10) were 2.87?% and 1.45?% for 0.05?μg?mL-1 and 0.2?μg?mL-1 of Cd (II) and Pb (II) respectively. The preconcentration factor is 200 for both of ions. Figure
A novel, highly selective and efficient sorbent, was prepared and applied for separation and preconcentration of lead and cadmium from real samples. Lead and cadmium could be quantitatively retained by ionic liquid-modified magnetite nanoparticles and then easily separated from the aqueous solution by applying an external magnetic field; so, no filtration or centrifugation was necessary. 相似文献
22.
Malihe Javan Khoshkholgh Mohammad Reza Hosseindokht Saeed Balalaie Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh 《Helvetica chimica acta》2012,95(1):52-60
The CuI‐catalyzed intramolecular oxa‐Diels? Alder reaction of 2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)benzaldehydes as unactivated terminal alkynes with 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one is described. The reaction proceeds with remarkable chemoselectivity to yield pyranones 3 (Scheme 1). A theoretical investigation of the reaction in terms of HOMO? LUMO interactions in the gas phase is also reported. The reaction could be regarded as an inverse‐electron‐demand Diels? Alder cycloaddition. The theoretical results are in high agreement with the experimental evidences. 相似文献
23.
Shaban Sedghi Ishak Altun Nabi Shobe 《Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications》2010,72(3-4):1298-1304
In the present work, we prove a coupled fixed point theorem for contractive mappings in complete fuzzy metric spaces. 相似文献
24.
Mohammad Saraji Malihe Khalili Boroujeni 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(8):2027-2066
During the past 7 years and since the introduction of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), the method has gained widespread acceptance as a simple, fast, and miniaturized sample preparation technique. Owing to its simplicity of operation, rapidity, low cost, high recovery, and low consumption of organic solvents and reagents, it has been applied for determination of a vast variety of organic and inorganic compounds in different matrices. This review summarizes the DLLME principles, historical developments, and various modes of the technique, recent trends, and selected applications. The main focus is on recent technological advances and important applications of DLLME. In this review, six important aspects in the development of DLLME are discussed: (1) the type of extraction solvent, (2) the type of disperser solvent, (3) combination of DLLME with other extraction methods, (4) automation of DLLME, (5) derivatization reactions in DLLME, and (6) the application of DLLME for metal analysis. Literature published from 2010 to April 2013 is covered. 相似文献
25.
A. Deeb A. Essawy A. M. El-Gendy A. Shaban 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1990,121(4):281-287
Summary 3-Carbethoxy-4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrridine sulfonamide (5), can be cyclized to 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (2). Oxidation of pyridinethione6 with Cl2/H2O gave the sulfonyl chloride derivative7, which can be ammonolyzed to 3-amino-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (8), and 3-cyano-4,6-diphenylpyridine-2-sulfonamide (9). Hydrolysis of6 gave 3-carboxamido-2(1H)pyridinethione (12) which can be oxidized with iodine to 3-oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine (13). 3-Methyl-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (17) was also prepared from6.
Heterocyclensynthese mit 3-Cyano-2(1H)pyridinthion: Synthese von 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo-[5,4-b]pyridin und verwandten Verbindungen
Zusammenfassung 3-Carbethoxy-4,6-diphenyl-2-pyridinsulfonamid (5) kann zu 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (2) cyclisiert werden. Die Oxidation des Pyridinthions6 mit Cl2/H2O ergab das Sulfonylchlorid-Derivat7, das mit Ammoniak zu 3-Amino-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (8) und 3-Cyano-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-sulfonamid (9) umgesetzt werden kann. Die Hydrolyse von6 ergab 3-Carboxamido-2(1H)pyridinthion (12), das mit Jod zu 3-Oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin (13) oxidiert wurde. 3-Methyl-4,6-diphenyl-isothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (17) wurde ebenfalls aus6 hergestellt.相似文献
26.
Zayed MA Khalil SM El-Qudaby HM 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2005,62(1-3):461-465
Two simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of anti-malarial drugs, chloroquine phosphate (CQP) and pyrimethamine (PYM), in pure and in different pharmaceutical preparations. The charge transphere (CT) reactions between CQP and PYM as electron donors and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) pi-acceptor and iodine sigma-acceptor reagents to give highly coloured complex species have been spectrophotometrically studied. The optimum experimental conditions have been studied carefully. Beer' law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1.0-15 microg ml(-1) for CQP and 1.0-40 microg ml(-1) for PYM using I(2) and at 5.0-53 microg ml(-1) for CQP and 1.0-46 microg ml(-1) for PYM using DDQ reagents, respectively. For more accurate results, Ringbom optimum concentration range is calculated and found to be 10-53 and 8-46 microg ml(-1) for CQP and PYM using DDQ, respectively and 5-15 and 8-40 microg ml(-1) for CQP and PYM using iodine, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity is found to be 0.038 and 0.046 g cm(-2) for DDQ method and 0.0078 and 0.056 g cm(-2) for I(2) method for CQP and PYM, respectively which indicates the high sensitivity of both methods. Standard deviation (S.D.=0.012-0.014 and 0.013-0.015) and relative standard deviation (R.S.D.=0.09-1.4 and 1.3-1.5%) (n=5) for DDQ and I(2) methods respectively, refer to the high accuracy and precision of the proposed methods. These results are also confirmed by between day precision of percent recovery of 99-100.6%, and 98-101% for CQP and PYM by DDQ method and 99-102% and 99.2-101.4% for CQP and PYM by I(2) method respectively. These data are comparable to those obtained by British and American pharmacopoeias assay for the determination of CQP and PYM in raw materials and in pharmaceutical preparations. 相似文献
27.
F. Macášek Ibrahim S. Shaban L. Mátel 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,241(3):627-636
The effect of Aldrich humic acid (HA) on the mobility of137Cs,85Sr,152Eu and239Pu radionuclides was studied in Ca-montmorillonite suspensions. Verified 2-sites-2-species (2s2s) models correspond to an
intensive interaction of all elements with humificated surface, what is in a remarkable contrast with the weak complexation
of cesium and even strontium in solutions — the neutral ligand interaction constants β (l/mol) are log β<−9.9 and 7.56±0.21
for Cs and Sr, respectively. The result for europium complexation in solution, log β=12.49±0.18 is in a good agreement with
literature data. For plutonium(IV) not only a high proton competitive constant in solution was obtained, log β β=(−0.67±0.32)+3pH,
but also a strong chemisorption, which at high concentrations of humic acid (above 0.05 g/l) indicates the formation of bridge
humate complexes of plutonium on the humificated surface. Logarithms of heterogeneous interaction constants (
24 l/g) of the elements with surface humic acid are 4.47±0.23, 4.39±0.08, and 6.40±0.33 for Cs, Sr, and Eu(III), respectively,
and the logarithm of the proton competitive constant (
24, l/g) for Pu(IV) −3.80±0.72. Distribution coefficients of humic acid and metal humates between 0.01 g HA/l solution and montmorillonite
were derived as logK
d(AH)=−1.04±0.11, logK
d(EuA)=1.56±0.11 and logK
d(PuA)=2.25±0.04, while the values for Cs and Sr were obtained with very high uncertainty. Speciation of the elements on montmorillonite
surface is illustrated as a function of equilibrium concentration of humic acid in solution and of pH. 相似文献
28.
Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) between corrosion inhibition efficiency and molecular structure may help promote the discovery of new, more efficient corrosion inhibitors. In this work various methods used in the QSAR studies of corrosion inhibitors are reviewed and discussed briefly. 相似文献
29.
The catalytic efficiency of ammonium dihydrogenphosphate was evaluated in the two heterogeneous forms of NH4H2PO4/MCM‐48 and NH4H2PO4/MCM‐41, as mesoporous catalysts, in the solvent free synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones through one‐pot three‐component condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, an aryl aldehyde and urea. Different reaction parameters including catalytic efficacy, solvent effect, and urea concentration are considered. 相似文献
30.