All-Optical Switching Based on Azo Polymer Material

Conventional all-optical switches based on azo polymer films and the all-optical switches based on the attenuated total reflection （ATR） geometry are investigated. A conventional switch system, including a pump beam of 532 nm and a probe beam of 650 nm, is based on the photoinduced birefringence effect of azo polymer. An ATR switch in a prism-multilayer configuration is achieved by changing the reflectance of the probe beam with an external pump beam. The ATR method provides the substantial improvement of the speed and the efficiency of the modulation over the conventional method. Although the azo polymer response still remains relatively slow, an enhanced nonlinear refractive index of the azo polymer film can effectively increase the modulation.     

Local Surface-Plasmons in Nonspherical Metal Nanoparticles

When a small metallic nanoparticle.is irradiated by incident light, the oscillating electric field can cause the conduction electrons to oscillate coherently, which excites the local surface plasmons （LSPs）. As is well known, excited LSPs can gather the energy of incident light to the surface of metallic nanoparticle. Recently, some nonspherical particles, e.g. tetrahedron, are suggested to obtain stronger localized electric field. We employ the discrete dipole approximation method to calculate the optical response of the tetrahedron nanoparticle, including the extinction and distribution of the electric field around the particle. The influences of some parameters, including the nanoparticle size, incident direction and polarization, are investigated to analyse the response modes and to obtain stronger localized electric field.     

Multiple-Pulse Operation in Passively Mode-Locked Fibre Laser with Positive Dispersion Cavity

We report the observation of rectangular shape spectrum in passively mode-locked fibre laser with positive dispersion cavity. The spectrum is broad and flat, and 3dB bandwidth can be up to 17.61 nm. Multiple-pulse operation is observed in our laser system. The spectrum width, pulse energy, pulse width and peak power of the mode-locked laser output change with the appearance of multiple-pulse operation.     

有等待席位限制的平行多跑道航班起降排队模式研究

根据实际平行多跑道机场终端区飞行和控制程序,利用排队理论讨论2种有等待席位限制的航班起降排队模式:①分列独立、②联合协作模型.求出了这2种排队模式下相关指标.通过比较2种模式下航班队列服务质量和系统工作指标,发现②比①支持更多的航班起降架次并有较高的服务质量.从而,为优化航班起降提出一些建议.     

一种检测大口径光学系统中透射镜组的新方法

分析了常规透射镜组检测方法的缺点,在添加简单的辅助元件情况下,提出了一种新的检测透射镜组装调完成后整体组件的方法,从而解决了大口径光学系统应用中透射镜组的光学质量检测问题.分别以两个实际光学系统为例,给出了透射镜组的设计和准确度要求.随后利用该方法对实际系统中装调完成后的透射镜组进行检测,并将分析结果和实际检测结果进行...     

气相色谱法同时测定山药和葛根中27种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

建立了山药和葛根中20种有机氯和7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的提取、净化及其残留量测定的方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷(4:3,V/V)提取,经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。结果表明山药和葛根样品基质4水平添加条件下,27种农药的回收率(n=7)为80.1%～103.7%,相对标准偏差为1.9%～11%,最低检测限为0.09～1.82μg/kg,符合农药多残留检测要求。方法可用于山药和葛根中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的检测。     

基于集成学习的水稻氮素营养及籽粒蛋白含量监测

利用高光谱遥感技术在水稻收获前对籽粒品质相关的蛋白质含量进行监测,一方面可以及时调整栽培管理方式,指导合理追肥,另一方面,有助于提前掌握籽粒品质信息,明确市场定位。该研究以广东省典型优质籼稻为研究目标,基于2019年和2020年两年氮肥梯度实验,以水稻分化期和抽穗期冠层尺度高光谱数据、水稻氮素参数,包括叶片氮素含量（LNC）、叶片氮素积累量（LNA）、植株氮素含量（PNC）、植株氮素积累量（PNA）及籽粒蛋白含量数据为基础,利用四种个体机器学习算法partial least square regression (PLSR)、K-nearest neighbor (KNN)、Bayesian ridge regression (BRR)、support vector regression (SVR),三种集成学习算法random forest (RF)、adaboost、bagging,针对水稻不同生育期氮素状况进行监测建模,在此基础上构建基于水稻冠层光谱信息、光谱信息结合水稻农学氮素参数的籽粒蛋白含量的监测模型,并对模型进行精度对比。研究结果表明,在水稻氮素营养监测方面,利用水稻冠层454~950 nm波段信息,采用RF及Adaboost算法,在水稻分化期、抽穗期及全生育期LNC、LNA、PNC及PNA模型R2均达到0.90以上,同时也具有较低的RMSE和MAE。在水稻籽粒蛋白品质监测方面,采用全波段光谱信息进行籽粒蛋白含量监测时,RF具有最高的精确度与稳定性,两生育期的RF模型对籽粒蛋白含量的监测结果R2分别为0.935和0.941,RMSE分别为0.235和0.226,MAE分别为0.189和0.152;两生育期以全波段光谱信息结合长势参数进行籽粒蛋白监测时,Adaboost模型具有最高的精确度和稳定性,其中分化期全波段光谱信息结合PNA作为输入参数,Adaboost模型R2为0.960,RMSE为0.175,MAE为0.150,以抽穗期全波段光谱信息结合PNC作为输入参数,R2为0.963,RMSE为0.170,MAE为0.137。研究结果表明,与PLSR,KNN,BRR和SVR几种个体学习器算法相比,集成算法RF,Adaboost和Bagging具备良好的处理多重共线性的能力,适合用于高光谱数据的分析与处理,在作物氮素营养监测及水稻品质的早期遥感监测方面具有明显优势。     

贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中的传输特性

为了探测更高轨道的空间目标,研制了一台通光口径为Ф750 mm的望远镜.该望远镜为主焦点光学系统,由一片二次非球面反射元件和四片透射元件组成,具有大视场(4°),大相对孔径(1∶1.32)和宽光谱(500~800 nm)的特点.本文以该望远镜的研制为基础,介绍了其光学系统各个元件的单独检测和系统装调完成后的整体检测方法和过程.采用样板法对系统中的球面透射元件进行了单独检测,采用透射无像差补偿器法对二次非球面反射镜进行了单独检测,采用反射无像差补偿器法对组合起来的透射校正镜组进行了检测,并且对系统装调对准之后的光学系统进行室内平行光管和室外对星观测两种方法进行检测.测量结果均满足设计要求,其中球面透镜的面形误差小于0.1个光圈,反射元件和透射元件非球面表面的面形误差均优于λ/30(λ=632.8 nm),透射校正镜组的波像差优于λ/30(λ=632.8nm).光学系统整体检测结果表明,室内和室外检测结果一致,其像面的80% 能量集中度直径在4°的全视场范围内均小于2个像元,达到了设计的成像要求.     

Ab Initio Study of the Mechanism of Forming a Spiro-Si-heterocyclic Ring Compound Involving Ge from Cl_2Ge=Si:and Formaldehyde

The X2Ge=Si:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar···) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reaction is a new area for the study of silylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet Cl2Ge=Si: and formaldehyde has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Owing to the 3p unoccupied orbital of Si: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Si: atom in intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge via a transition state. Simultaneously, the ring strain of the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene makes it isomerize to a twisted four-membered ring product. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Ge=Si:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar···) and the asymmetric π-bonded compounds, which are significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge. The study extends the research area and enriches the research content of silylene chemistry.     

蛋白质多态解折叠行为与稳定性Ⅱ:酶的多态解折叠行为

基于结构基元模型,进一步假设,由n个结构基元组成的蛋白酶,其活性中心由na(na?n)个结构基元组成,酶活性仅与组成活性中心的结构基元相关.由此,推导出适合于蛋白酶解折叠研究的变性曲线、解折叠结构基元平均自由能、物种分布等表达式.本文以盐酸胍诱导的卵清溶菌酶解折叠为例,通过荧光方法测定的溶菌酶解折叠曲线,得出卵清溶菌酶由2个结构基元组成,结构基元平均自由能?G0element(H2O)为48.47 kJ/mol.物种分布表明,酶活性随盐酸胍浓度的变化仅仅反映的是结构基元1(?-片结构域)的解折叠,而结构基元2(?-螺旋结构域)的解折叠反映在3.8~5.0 mol/L盐酸胍浓度范围内.结构基元模型既可描述蛋白酶多态解折叠的谱学行为,又可解释蛋白酶活性的两态性质.