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71.
A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method has been developed that provides simultaneous measurements of temperature, density, and their fluctuations owing to turbulence in unheated compressible flows. Pressure and its fluctuations are also deduced using the equation of state. Fluorescence is induced in nitric oxide that has been seeded into a nitrogen flow in concentrations of 100 ppm. Measurements are obtained from each laser pulse, with a spatial resolution of 1 mm and a temporal resolution of 125 ns. The method was applied to a supersonic, turbulent, boundary-layer flow with a free-stream Mach number of 2. For stream conditions in the range from 150–300 K and 0.3–1 atm, temperature is measured with an uncertainty of approximately 1% rms, while density and pressure uncertainties are approximately 2% rms. 相似文献
72.
Logan DF Velha P Sorel M De la Rue RM Wojcik G Goebel A Jessop PE Knights AP 《Optics letters》2011,36(19):3717-3719
We demonstrate a method for the efficient modulation of optical wavelengths around 1550 nm in silicon waveguides. The amplitude of a propagating signal is mediated via control of the charge state of indium centers, rather than using free-carriers alone as in the plasma-dispersion effect. A 1×1 switch formed of an integrated p-i-n junction in an indium-doped silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguide provides 'normally-off' silicon absorption of greater than 7 dB at zero bias. This loss is decreased to 2.8 dB with application of a 6 V applied reverse bias, with a power consumption of less than 1 μW. 相似文献
73.
N. N. Ajitanand John M. Alexander H. Delagrange E. Duek D. Ø. Eriksen D. Guerreau Morton Kaplan M. Kildir L. Kowalski R. Lacey D. Logan D. J. Moses G. F. Peaslee Louis C. Vaz M. S. Zisman 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1984,316(2):169-176
Multiplicities are compared for4He evaporation in reactions of40Ar and56Fe projectiles (8.5 MeV/u) with withnatAg and238U targets. Coincidence requirements involving fusion-fission and projectile-like fragments have been used to select separate entrance-channel spin zones. Evaporation-like4He emission from the composite nuclei is shown to be large for mean spins ≦100?, and to decrease dramatically with increasing spin. Coincidence measurements between two4He particles have also been studied for40Ar+natAg. This requirement is shown to select reactions that lead to evaporation residues and therefore to a zone of relatively low spin. The shapes of the4He spectra provide an interesting probe of the mechanism and also of the thermodynamic properties of hot nuclei. 相似文献
74.
75.
Louis C. Vaz D. Logan John M. Alexander E. Duek D. Guerreau L. Kowalski M. F. Rivet M. S. Zisman 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1983,311(1-2):89-98
Angular and energy distributions have been measured for products of 3≦Z≦9 from reactions of 336MeV40Ar+107,9Ag/154Sm/197Au. The c.m. differential cross sections and mean energies increase as one moves from ≈100deg. to ≈170deg. similar to those for fission or evaporation-like emission. Most characteristics mimic those observed for4He, but the cross sections are smaller by a factor of as ≈1/300 for each reaction studied. A semiclassical analysis has been used to estimate the effective barriers to emission and root-mean-square spins of the emitters. 相似文献
76.
77.
Dempsey LP Murray C Cleary PA Lester MI 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2008,10(10):1424-1432
A pump-probe laser-induced fluorescence technique has been used to examine the nascent OH X (2)Pi product state distribution arising from non-reactive quenching of electronically excited OH A (2)Sigma(+) by molecular hydrogen and deuterium under single-collision conditions. The OH X (2)Pi products were detected in v'=0, 1 and 2; the distribution peaks in v'=0 and decreases monotonically with increasing vibrational excitation. In all vibrational levels probed, the OH X (2)Pi products are found to be highly rotationally excited, the distribution peaking at N'=15 when H(2) was used as the collision partner and N'=17 for D(2). A marked propensity for production of Pi(A') Lambda-doublet levels was observed, while both OH X (2)Pi spin-orbit manifolds were equally populated. These observations are interpreted as dynamical signatures of the nonadiabatic passage of the OH + H(2)/D(2) system through the seams of conical intersection that couple the excited state (2 (2)A') and ground state (1 (2)A') surfaces. 相似文献
78.
Calculations based on the Mie theory are performed to determine the locally enhanced electric fields due to whispering-gallery mode resonances for dielectric microspheres, with emphasis on electromagnetic "hot spots" that are located along the wavevector direction on the surface of the sphere. The local electric field enhancement associated with these hot spots is used to determine the surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors for a molecule, here treated as a classical dipole, located near the surface of the sphere. Both incident and Raman emission enhancements are calculated accurately using an extension of the Mie theory that includes interaction of the Raman dipole field with the sphere. The enhancement factors are calculated for dielectric spheres in vacuum with a refractive index of 1.9 and radii of 5, 10, and 20 microm and for wavelengths that span the visible spectrum. Maximum Raman scattering enhancement factors on the order of 10(3)-10(4) are found at locations slightly off the propagation axis when the incident excitation but not the Stokes-shifted radiation is coincident with a whispering-gallery mode resonance. The enhancement factors are found to vary inversely with the resonance width, and this determines the influence of the mode number and order on the results. Additional calculations are performed for the case where the Stokes-shifted radiation is also on-resonance and Raman enhancement factors as large as 10(8) are found. These enhancement factors are typically a factor of 10(2) smaller than would be obtained from /E/4 enhancement estimates, as enhancement of the Raman dipole emission is significantly reduced compared to the local field enhancement for micron size particles or larger. Conditions under which single-molecule or few-molecule measurements are feasible are identified. 相似文献
79.
Renfrow MB Mackay CL Chalmers MJ Julian BA Mestecky J Kilian M Poulsen K Emmett MR Marshall AG Novak J 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,389(5):1397-1407
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis. In IgAN, IgA1 molecules with incompletely galactosylated
O-linked glycans in the hinge region (HR) are present in mesangial immunodeposits and in circulating immune complexes. It is
not known whether the galactose deficiency in IgA1 proteins occurs randomly or preferentially at specific sites. We have previously
demonstrated the first direct localization of multiple O-glycosylation sites on a single IgA1 myeloma protein by use of activated ion-electron capture dissociation (AI-ECD) Fourier
transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) tandem mass spectrometry. Here, we report the analysis of IgA1 O-glycan heterogeneity by use of FT-ICR MS and liquid chromatography FT-ICR MS to obtain unbiased accurate mass profiles of
IgA1 HR glycopeptides from three different IgA1 myeloma proteins. Additionally, we report the first AI-ECD fragmentation on
an individual IgA1 O-glycopeptide from an IgA1 HR preparation that is reproducible for each IgA1 myeloma protein. These results suggest that future
analysis of IgA1 HR from IgAN patients and normal healthy controls should be feasible. 相似文献
80.
Dana Bartošová Klaas Pieter Hart Logan C. Hoehn 《Topology and its Applications》2011,158(18):2479-2484
We show that Lelek?s problem on the chainability of continua with span zero is not a metric problem: from a non-metric counterexample one can construct a metric one. 相似文献